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CRCT Science Review
Remember, common sense
is your best friend
Distinguish between surface features caused by constructive processes
Constructive forces build up landforms.
Deposition is the process of material being
deposited or added to a landform.
A sand dune is formed when sand is moved
to form a ridge usually by wind, (sometimes by
water).
Another example of the constructive
process of deposition is a delta.
A delta forms at the mouth of a river when
the sediment carried by the river is dropped
off (deposited) as the water slows when it
reaches the standing water of an ocean or
lake.
Some forces can be both constructive
(building up landforms) and destructive
(breaking down landforms).
Volcanoes are constructive when lava and
ash build up and cool forming mountains and
islands.
The Hawaiian Islands
were formed by volcanoes
Volcanoes can also be destructive.
Earthquakes are constructive when
mountains are formed along fault lines.
Earthquakes are also destructive
http://mcwordpress.marshall.kyschools.us/bjhayden/6th-grade-science-notes/forces-shaping-earth/
Weathering is the destructive process of
rock getting broken down by water, ice, or
wind. Erosion is the carrying
away/movement of broken down sediment.
Organisms like plants can be destructive
and weather rocks.
Plants can also be constructive by
holding soil in place to prevent erosion.
Seismology, the study of earthquakes,
cannot prevent earthquakes, but scientists
can work to make buildings safer and get
information about earthquakes when they
occur.
Humans use technology to try to prevent
destructive forces. Dams are built across
rivers to control the flow of water.
Levees are built along the sides of rivers to
keep water from overflowing the banks.
Storm drain management tries to prevent
flooding by using storm drains in paved roads
and parking lots to drain water that would
usually soak into the soil.
In beach reclamation, humans “reclaim” a
beach from erosion by moving sand back to
areas it has been eroded from.
Matter can be changed. When matter goes
through a physical change, it may change
state or appearance, but is the SAME
substance.
Other physical changes are cutting, tearing,
breaking & melting.
If an item is a mixture that can be separated
back out, it went through a physical change.
When matter goes through a chemical
change, a chemical reaction occurs and a
new substance is formed.
Cooking & burning cause a chemical change.
Some signs of a chemical change
are:
color or odor change
heat or light produced
gas produced
Matter is never destroyed or
created in chemical or physical
changes.
During a physical change such
as water becoming steam, the
mass of the water will equal
the mass of the steam.
During a chemical change such
as charcoal burning, the mass of
the charcoal will equal the mass
of the ashes and gas produced.
Static electricity is the build-up of electric
charges on the surface of objects.
Necessary Components for a
Simple Electric Circuit
Optional
(Load)
Open circuit
no electricity flows
Closed circuit
electricity flows &
bulb lights up
Good Conductors of Electricity
(electricity flows easily through a conductor)
metals and most water
Good Insulators of Electricity
(electricity does not flow easily through a insulator)
plastic, rubber, glass, cloth, wood
Conductors, like metal wire, are usually
covered with insulators, like plastic, to
protect people from being shocked.
Electromagnet
Bar Magnet
Can produce a magnetic field
Produces a magnetic field
Can be turned on and off
Cannot be turned on and off
Poles can be reversed
Poles cannot be reversed
Can be made more powerful by: Cannot be made more powerful
• Adding a core (like the nail above)
• Adding more power (batteries)
• Adding more coils
The Animal Kingdom is separated into:
There are five types of vertebrates
(animals with backbones):
Mammals have hair or fur and nurse their young.
Birds have feathers.
Fish have hard scales and live in water.
Reptiles have dry, scaly skin.
Amphibians have moist skin & start their lives in
water.
Plants are multi-celled living
things that make their own food
Most plants are vascular. They have tubes that carry
food and nutrients between the roots and leaves.
A few plants are nonvascular. They don’t have true
roots or leaves and absorb and pass along nutrients.
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
Angiosperms are vascular
A gymnosperm [Greek for
plants that produce flowers
"naked seed"] is a vascular
and fruit with protected
plant that produces seeds not
seeds. Angiosperms make up protected by fruit but hidden
more than 80% of all plant
in a woody cone. They don’t
species.
have flowers. Most retain their
leaves year round.
Both plant and animal cells have a
cell membrane that controls what
goes into and out of a cell.
Both plant and animal cells have
cytoplasm, the gel-like substance
that holds the organelles in place.
Both plant and animal cells have a
nucleus, the control center of a cell
that contains the genes.
Plant cells also have chloroplasts,
which use sunlight to make food for
the plant.
Plant cells have a cell wall, which
provides additional support and
structure for the plant.
Multi-celled organisms, like plants and
animals, have specialized cells that have
specific jobs. Cells make up tissues and
organs that have different jobs and work
together to keep the organism alive.
In a single-celled organism, the cell
has to carry out all of its life
processes/functions.
Microorganisms can be helpful & harmful.
Helpful bacteria, like
the bacteria in yogurt
can help with digestion.
Harmful bacteria, like
strep and e-coli, can
make you sick.
Helpful bacteria are
used to make food like
pickles and cheese.
.
Microorganisms can be helpful & harmful.
Helpful fungi, like yeast,
help bread rise.
Mushrooms are a
popular food
Helpful fungi and
bacteria help break
down and decompose.
Harmful fungi can
cause illnesses, like
athlete’s foot.
.
Microorganisms can be helpful & harmful.
Other microorganisms,
like protozoa and algae,
can be both helpful and
harmful
Viruses are harmful
microorganisms that
cause diseases like
chicken pox, the flu, and
measles. There are no
helpful viruses.
.
Inherited traits are passed down
through genes. For example:
eye color
left-handed/right-handed
fur color
type of hair
earlobe type
freckles
Learned behaviors are picked up
through the environment.
language
playing an instrument
raising your hand in class
method of eating
animal tricks