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C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes C. sasanqua ‘Enishi’ C. sasanqua ‘French Vanilla’ Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 http://panchul.com http://sazanka.org Genus Camellia • Family Theaceae • Three systems of taxonomy – J. Robert Sealy, 1958 • 12 sections, 82 species – Chang Hung Ta, 1981 • 4 subgenera, 22 sections, 280 species – Ming Tien-lu, 2000 • 2 subgenera, 14 sections, 119 species Wild species distribution Species overview • Main decorative species – Most popular - C. japonica – Fall-flowering, sun-tolerant - C. sasanqua – Largest flowers - C. retuculata • • • • Tea camellia – C. sinensis Oil camellia – C. oleifera Golden camellia – C. chrysanta Everblooming camellia – C. azalea Camellia japonica • • • • • • • • Originated in Japan Japanese name Tsubaki Wild form - red Shadow loving Many thousand cultivars Many formal doubles Flowers January – March Problem with Petal Blight Camellia japonica ‘Glen 40’ / ‘Coquettii’ Camellia sasanqua • • • • • • • Originated in Japan Japanese name Sazanka Wild form – white Sun-tolerant Less formal Free-flowering Flowers SeptemberDecember Camellia sasanqua ‘Asakura’ Flower forms • • • • • • Single Semi-double Anemone Peony or informal double Rose-form double Formal double Single japonica – Kamo Honnami Single sasanqua True red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’ Single sasanqua True red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’ Semi-double japonica – Masayoshi with viral variegation Semi-double hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes’ with genetic varigation Two sasanquas – single Narumigata and informal double White Doves Rose-form double: dwarf C. sasanqua ‘Dwarf Shishi’ by Toichi Domoto Formal double C. japonica ‘Desire’ Anemone C. japonica (‘Elegans’ group) Anemone C. sasanqua ‘Choji Guruma’ Wild species: Camellia grijsii New rose-form double from China: C. grijsii ‘Zhenzhucha‘ Small leaves: Camellia puniceiflora Tea tree - Camellia sinensis Ancient History - Japan • First mention - red japonica – 1st century AD – A province of Kyushyu Island – A governor used camellia club in a battle • First white japonica – 7th century AD – Presented to Emperor Temmu • Became popular in 14th century – Muromachi period – Traditional Japanese garden Camellias in the World • China – the origin of genus Camellia – C. reticulata near Buddhist Monasteries • Europe – Dates of arrival vary from 1550 to 1730 – Linnaeus named the genus after George Kamel – Greatest popularity – Victorian England • Australia and New Zealand – E.G.Waterhouse, Paradise Plants nursery The Huntington Botanical Gardens • • • • • • • • San Marino, California Place to visit Large mature collection Classic garden Species garden Japanese garden Chinese garden Bonsai A flower from Huntington Nursery and hybridizers– Nuccio’s Nurseries in Altadena, California Tom Nuccio at Filoli Garden Small leaves:C. sasanqua ‘Jewel Box’ by Nuccios Short internodes: C. sasanqua ‘Sasanqua Compacta’ from Nuccio Silvery leaves: C. sasanqua ‘Silverado’ from Nuccio’s John Wang, a hybridizer from Bay Area Bob Erhart’s garden in Walnut Creek Bob Erhart’s garden Bob Erhart’s garden - seedlings Camellia seeds (C. checkiangoleosa) Y.C. Shen – Camellia book author living in the Bay Area Y.C. Shen book Dan Charvet, Heartwood Nursery Fort Bragg, California Yuri Panchul’s Seedling #0011 Gallo Winery, Modesto, California Bonsai Garden at Lake Merritt Oakland California Camellia x vernalis ‘Yuletide’ Recommendations about culture • Sun in California – 70% shade for C. japonica – 30% shade for C. sasanqua • Sasanqua may tolerate from 0% shade to 80% shade • Watering 2-3 times a week during summer – Once a week during winter • Temperature – not a problem in California – Japonica is generally hardy down to 15 °F (-10 °C) • Pruning is optional • With proper culture, insects and diseases are rarely a problem – Petal blight is an exception Fertilization for the ground • Any form of nitrogen – Ammonium sulphate, synthetic urea – Blood meal, Chicken manure – Water two days before and immediately after fertilization • Phosphorus, Potassium, microelements are not recommended – our California soil already has plenty of them • One application in March maybe enough – Second application in July is optional • But watch for heat waves – do not fertilize during hot weather Fertilization for the container • Before each burst of growth – April 15 and 4th of July • Liquid Camellia fertilizer at half-recommended strength • Water two days before fertilizing – Plant should not be water-stressed • Osmocote is not recommended – may quickly release during hot weather • Cottonseed meal (3:2:1) is a viable alternative Recommended container soil mix • Equal parts of peat moss, perlite and “Camellia & Azalea mix” from the store – Watering 2-3 times a week on summer – once a week during winter • Why not just a store mix? – Too heavy = root rot • Why not just peat moss and perlite? – Once dry it difficult to make moist again • Why not just a store mix and perlite? – Not acid enough, may contribute to chrolosis Thank you!
