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Incorporation and use of the NOAH LSM in the Coupled/Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)® Teddy Holt Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division, Code 7533 Monterey, CA [email protected] 5th WRF Land Surface Modeling Workshop NCAR, Boulder CO 13-15 September 2005 COAMPS® is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory Outline • NRL WRF integration strategy (including LSM) • Long-term (8-month) simulations • Ongoing and future plans • Issues NRL WRF integration strategy Strategy • Build WRF standard I/O and physics interfaces into COAMPS® to allow for: • Initial and lateral boundary condition input from any model; standard output • Interchangeable physical parameterizations • Investigate/modify WRF infrastructure to merge COAMPS® dynamic core into WRF • NCAR (ARWRF) • NCEP (NMM) I/O COAMPS® Framework, Core • NRL (COAMPS) Plug-and-Play Physics • Cumulus • Radiation • LSM • Boundary Layer, . . I/O PostProcessing Pre-Processing, Input Parameters Model Framework, Dynamic Cores NRL WRF integration strategy Accomplishments • NetCDF, GRIB, and binary output options for COAMPS® • FNMOC, NRL discussing specific details with AFWA for operational implementation • Working with NCAR to develop improved WRF Standard Initialization (SI) • candidate to replace existing COAMPS® pre-processing program • Prototype physics interface developed and tested • Physics conversion status: • • • • • • Cumulus Parameterization [Adapted from WRF] Radiation [On-going] Land-surface [Complete] Surface/Boundary Layer [On-going] Explicit Moist Physics [On-going] Aerosols [On-going] Long-term data assimilation simulations COAMPS® Operational Europe domain (81 km) Terrain 3 km 1.5 Nest 1: 111 x 80 x 30 levels 0 48-h forecasts from 25 January to 16 September 2004 Three experiments: 1. cont -- operational COAMPS®: Slab surface model 2. lsm -- WRF LSM (“unified” v1.3; Dec 2003) with no soil initialization (climatology) 3. agr -- WRF LSM (“unified” v1.3; Dec 2003) with AGRMET (AFWA) initialization LSM data assimilation experiments • cont: CONTROL uses COAMPS® existing soil slab model with force-restore surface energy budget • lsm: uses NOAH LSM with climatological soil and vegetation initialization • cold start initialization: Soil temperatures = ground temperatures (constant in depth) Soil moisture = Soil porosity * climatological ground wetness Unfrozen soil moisture = soil moisture Canopy water content = snow water equivalent = 0.0 Vegetation greenness = climatology • warm start: previous forecast soil/vegetation fields used as analysis fields for next forecast • agr: uses NOAH LSM with AGRMET soil and vegetation initialization • Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) Agricultural Meteorology (AGRMET) modeling system • near real-time, off-line, global 47-km resolution agricultural meteorology analysis model • input data: • first guess fields from NOGAPS analyses (surface winds, isobaric temperatures, geopotential heights, and relative humidity) • surface observations • three-hourly SSM/I rain rate analysis • precipitation analysis based on rain gauge observations • AFWA SNODEP snow depth analysis based on surface and satellite observations • AFWA CDFSII global cloud analysis for up to four levels • NOAH LSM, outputting soil temperatures, soil moistures, and unfrozen soil moistures at 4 levels, and canopy moisture content, snow water equivalent, and greenness • runs four cycles per day, each at approximately +0430 hours • warm start: reinitialize soil/vegetation fields using AGRMET analyses LSM data assimilation experiments Operational COAMPS® Europe domain (81 km): 25 January to 16 September 2004 48-h forecasts valid 12 UTC (daytime) 2-m air temperature 2-m dew point temperature Average number of observations per forecast used for verification = ~1200 Climo soil initialization (lsm) is too dry for the entire period; yet daytime air temperature is warmer (better) only from Apr onward (not in winter). Why? Snow-related? Spin-up? AGRMET soil initialization (agr) differs little from slab (cont); largest differences: agr drier from Aug-Sep LSM data assimilation experiments Operational COAMPS® Europe domain (81 km): 25 January to 16 September 2004 48-h forecasts valid 00 UTC (nighttime) 2-m air temperature 2-m dew point temperature Average number of observations per forecast used for verification = ~1200 Climo soil initialization (lsm) is too dry for the entire period and daytime air temperature is colder for the entire period AGRMET soil initialization (agr) similar to slab model (cont) until mid Apr, then agr too dry and cold LSM data assimilation experiments Operational COAMPS® Europe domain (81 km): 25 January to 16 September 2004 All forecasts from 00 UTC 2-m air temperature rmse day night day 2-m dew point temperature rmse day night cont agr cont Average number of observations per forecast used for verification = ~1200 agr lsm 2-m air temperature bias cont day night agr lsm day lsm 2-m dew point temperature bias day night day cont agr lsm AGRMET soil initialization (agr) and slab (cont) similar during daytime Climo soil initialization (lsm) too cold at night and warmer (best of three) during the day Climo soil initialization too dry both day and night Ongoing and future plans WRF-COAMPS® Soil Analysis System • Off-line WRF-COAMPS® LSM system that can run on single or multiple processors (MPI) • Forcing fields: • COAMPS® near surface wind, temperature, and dew point temperature analyses (MVOI or 3DVAR) • AGRMET radiation, precipitation, and snow analysis • NRL SSMI/TRMM precipitation analysis • Data assimilation • Assimilation of high-resolution skin temperature retrieved from IR radiance (MODIS and AVHRR) Issues • COAMPS® LSM System • will be transitioned to operations 30 Sept 2005 • will not be “turned on” until viable soil initialization is available • funding expires 30 Sept 2005 • WRF-COAMPS® Soil Analysis System • testing slowed by MSRC downtime due to Katrina • merger with HRLDAS/ new WRF system ? • viability/use for non-CONUS areas • AGRMET global resolution (15 km?) • spin-up time/data availability • What version of LSM code do we have/use? • configuration management • How does WRF-COAMPS® SI integrate into LSM? • databases (global) applicable for high-resolutions (~1km) • NASA LIS (?) • Validation/Evaluation • Integration of LSM with urban parameterization LSM data assimilation experiments Europe Nest 1 (81 km): 00 UTC Jan 1 to 00 UTC 15 Jan 2003 Tobolsk, Russia 10-m air temp (C) 10-m mixing ratio (*0.1 g/kg) cont lsm agr Obs cont lsm agr 36-h fcst valid 12 UTC 10 Jan 2003 10-m air temp (C) 10-m mixing ratio (*0.1 g/kg) Obs cont lsm agr 36-h fcst valid 00 UTC 11 Jan 2003 Control LSM AGR cont lsm agr LSM data assimilation experiments COAMPS® 1-15 January 2003 CONUS nest 2 (27 km) Dew point temperature (deg C) pressure (hPa) pressure (hPa) Air temperature (deg C) All 36-h forecasts COAMPS® 1-15 January 2003 CONUS nest 2 (27 km) agr 0- to 36-h fcst from 00 UTC 01 Jan 2003 0 10-cm soil temperature Near Billings, MT 10-cm soil temperature (C) 2.8 2.1 9.3 -0.9 -1.9 -1.6 0.8 -0.6 2.8 1.7 0.6 3.8 1.8 1.4 1.9 4.5 2.0 6.8 10.0 6.5 6.9 9.4 16.5 13.1 11.2 13.1 SCAN 12.6 Observations 15.6 0.08 0.11 5 AGR -5 0.4 0 0.3 AGR 0.2 -5 0.1 -10 Near Atlanta, GA 15 SCAN obs 0.03 0.07 0.45 • COAMPS AGR soil moisture too moist for the entire forecast SCAN obs 0.0 0.6 • COAMPS AGR soil temperature too cold over last 12-h of forecast 10-cm soil moisture 21.0 0.37 0.27 0.37 0.04 0.31 0.39 0.18 0.37 0.09 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.25 0.28 0.40 0.23 0.54 0.05 0.13 0.34 0.06 0.25 SCAN obs -4 5.2 10-cm soil moisture (vol. fraction) 0.19 0.33 -2 4.3 4.3 agr 12-h fcst valid 12 UTC 01 Jan 2003 0.23 10 -3 -1.5 5.5 -1 AGR 10 • COAMPS AGR soil temperature too cold over the entire forecast 10-cm soil temperature 0.3 0.15 0.4 AGR 0.2 0.12 0.0 0.0 SCAN obs 10-cm soil moisture forecast hour • COAMPS AGR soil moisture slightly moister than observations for the entire forecast