Download Succession Review

Ecosystem Review
Succession

Succession=
replacement of one
type of community by
another over time.
Primary Succession


Primary
Succession=communi
ty growing in an area
where organisms
have never lived.
Primary Succession
starts with bare rock
Primary Succession
The Wetland succession that you saw at
camp is an example of primary
succession.
 Jackson lake was formed by glaciers
12,000 years ago.
 Lake -> Fen -> Bog -> Quaking Bog ->
Forest

Secondary Succession

Secondary Succession= a community
growing in an area affected by a
disturbance.
 Examples
of disturbances are fire, flood,
clearing land for farming or lumber.

Secondary Succession starts with soil
Secondary Succession


The Old Field
succession you saw
on the prairie walk is
an example of
secondary
succession.
Old Field ->
Hardwood Forest
Pioneer Species


Pioneer Species are
the first organisms to
live in an area.
Examples of Pioneer
Species
 Old
Field: Bunch
Grass, Milkweed,
Queen Anne’s Lace
 Wetland: Sphagnum
Moss, Sedge, Pitcher
Plant
Climax Species

Climax Species = well
adapted species in a
mature community

Examples of Climax
Species:
 Old
Field: Maple, Oak
 Wetlands: Maple, Oak
Duckweed Problem



Duckweed can grow so
thick it blocks sunlight
from reaching plants
growing at the bottom of
the lake.
These plants die and are
decomposed by bacteria.
The bacteria use up
oxygen in the water,
which limits aquatic life in
the lake.
Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity is the largest population
an environment can support.
 Example: When we were playing the food
chain game, the carrying capacity was the
greatest number individuals that were able
to survive.

Limiting Factors


Limiting factors are
the factors that
control carrying
capacity (they limit
the population /
community size).
Examples are:
sunlight, water, food,
shelter, space
Competition

Competition occurs when two or more
individuals or populations try to use the
same resource, such as food, water,
shelter, space or sunlight.
 Happens
within a population (Hawks in Food
Chain Game)
 Happens between populations (Duckweed
and submergent plants)