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ORGANIZING LIFE’S
DIVERSITY
Chapter 17 Classification
Classification is…
 A way of grouping
objects together
based on similarities
 In the beginning--plants were grouped
based on people
who ate them—
 Edible
 Non-edible
 The history of the
Tomato-1820
Colonel Robert
Gibbon Johnson
announced that at
noon on September
26, he would eat a
basket of tomatoes
in front of the Salem
NY courthouse—aka
“love apple”
Scientists Who Developed
Classification
Aristotle: Greek Philosopher

Developed 1st
method of
classification
 Classified into 2
major groups
1. Plants: herbs,
shrubs or trees
2. Animals: According
to where they lived:
land, water or air
Carolus Linnaeus
 Plants: based on
 Methods still used
today
 Selected physical
characteristics
based on close
relationships of
organisms
reproductive
structures
 Animals: based on
evolutionary traits
Carolus Linnaeus
 Invented the 2-word
naming system to
identify species
 called BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE:
Bi (2) Nomial (name)

Scientific Name:
1. Genus: 1st word:
consist of closely
related species
2. Species: 2nd word:
consist of
description of the
species.
RULES OF BINOMAL
NOMEMCLATURE
1. Genus is ALWAYS
capitalized & is 1st
2. Species is
ALWAYS
lowercase & is 2nd
3. BOTH ARE
ITALICIZED OR
UNDERLINED!!!
Homo sapiens
Felix tigerus
F. leo
F. domestica
Scientific & Common Names
 Many organisms have
common names that can
be misleading.
 Example: a sea horse is a
fish, not a horse.
 Also, it is confusing when a
species has more than one
common name.
Common
Names
 Do not tell you how
organisms are
related or classified
 Can be misleading
 Confusion can occur
when organisms
have more than one
name
 All newly discovered
species are given
Latin names
because it is no
longer used
Taxonomy is…
 Taxonomy (tak SAH nuh mee) is the branch
of biology that groups and names organisms
based on studies of their different
characteristics
 Biologists who study taxonomy are called
taxonomists
Taxonomists
 Is a useful tool – if a child has eaten a
mushroom & You do not know whether
it is poisonous…
 Important to the economy- often
discover new sources of lumber,
medicines & energy…
Dichotomous Key
 Organisms can be
identified easily by
using a dichotomous
key
 Animals around the
world use the same
identification system
 A key is made up of
sets of numbered
statements. Each set
deals with a single
characteristic of an
organism, such as leaf
shape or arrangement
Using a dichotomous key to identify
money!
How are living things
Classified?
Felix tigerus
Order of Taxa
 A group of organisms is
called a taxon (plural,
taxa
 The smallest taxon is
species. Organisms that
look alike and
successfully interbreed
belong to the same
species.
 The next largest taxon
is a genus—a group of
similar species that
have similar features
and are closely related
Mountain
lion
Taxonomic rankings
 Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx
rufus, a bobcat, Lynx canadensis, and a
mountain lion, Panthera concolor.
Mountain
lion
Lynx
Bobcat
Order of Taxa
 Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, & Species
 Can you remember it this way?
 King Phillip Came Over For Graduation
Saturday.
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Chordata
Phylum
Class
Mammalia
Carnivora
Order
Family
Genus
Felidae
Lynx
SpeciesLynx Lynx
rufus canadensis
Bobcat Lynx
Introduction to Classification
6 kingdoms of life
6 Kingdoms of Life
Monerans
 The Monerans, are
cells that lack a
nucleus, are
microscopic and
unicellular
 some are
chemosynthetic, where
others are
photosynthetic.
• Most of these
environments are
oxygen-free.
2 groups of Monerans
 Archaebacteria
 Eubacteria
Protists
 Some are plantlike
 some are animal-
like
 Some are funguslike
Fungi
 Unicellular or
multi-cellular
eukaryote that
absorbs nutrients
from organic
materials in the
environment
Plants
 contain chloroplasts
and have cell walls
 There are more
than 250,000
known species of
plants
Animals
 Animals are
multicellular
heterotrophs
 Nearly all are able
to move from place
to place.
 Animal cells do not
have cell walls