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Warm-Up: Levels of an Ecosystem Label each descriptions as a population, community, or ecosystem. 1. Owls, mice, and grass all live in one area. 2. Owls, mice and grass all live in an area near a pond that receives lots of sunlight. 3. Eight owls all live in one area. Animal Relationships & Adaptations Niche = Niche = organism’s role in an ecosystem Relationships in an Ecosystem • 3 types of relationships: predation competition symbiosis Predation = Predation = one organism is a food source for another organism Predator = hunter Prey = food Competition = Competition = struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources Competition limited resources = “Limiting Factors” Examples? Competition largest population an environment can support = Carrying Capacity Symbiosis = Symbiosis = relationship between 2 organisms that benefits at least 1 of the organisms • 3 types of symbiosis: mutualism commensalism parasitism Mutualism = both organisms benefit Commensalism = 1 organism benefits, other is not harmed Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, other is harmed Animal Adaptations • 2 types: –Structural –Behavioral Structural Adaptation = inherited physical characteristic • Adaptation that an animal “HAS” Structural Adaptation • Escaping predators Examples? Structural Adaptation • Obtaining food Examples? Structural Adaptation • Reproducing Examples? Behavioral Adaptation = inherited behavior • Adaptation that an animal “DOES” Behavioral Adaptation • Camouflage = blending in with environment Examples? Behavioral Adaptation • Mimicry = acting like a different organism Examples? Behavioral Adaptation • Courtship = males & females of a species prepare for mating Examples? Behavioral Adaptation • Hibernation = greatly reduced body activity during winter Examples? Behavioral Adaptation • Migration = periodic journey of an animal from one place & back again Examples? Instinct vs. Learning • Instinct = Instinct vs. Learning • Instinct = behavior an animal can perform without being taught Instinct vs. Learning • Learning = Instinct vs. Learning • Learning = animal requires practice & experience to perform the behavior • 4 types: conditioning trial-and-error insight imprinting Conditioning = connecting a stimulus to a good or bad event Trial-and-error = performing a behavior more skillfully with repeated practice Insight = applying knowledge to solve a new problem Imprinting = some newborn animals follow the first moving object they see
