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Warm-Up: Levels of an Ecosystem
Label each descriptions as a population,
community, or ecosystem.
1. Owls, mice, and grass all live in one area.
2. Owls, mice and grass all live in an area near
a pond that receives lots of sunlight.
3. Eight owls all live in one area.
Animal Relationships
& Adaptations
Niche =
Niche = organism’s role in an
ecosystem
Relationships in an Ecosystem
• 3 types of relationships:
predation
competition
symbiosis
Predation =
Predation = one organism is a
food source for another organism
Predator = hunter
Prey = food
Competition =
Competition = struggle between
organisms to survive in a habitat
with limited resources
Competition
limited resources =
“Limiting Factors”
Examples?
Competition
largest population an
environment can
support =
Carrying Capacity
Symbiosis =
Symbiosis = relationship between
2 organisms that benefits at least
1 of the organisms
• 3 types of symbiosis:
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Mutualism = both organisms
benefit
Commensalism = 1 organism
benefits, other is not harmed
Parasitism = 1 organism benefits,
other is harmed
Animal Adaptations
• 2 types:
–Structural
–Behavioral
Structural Adaptation = inherited
physical characteristic
• Adaptation that an animal “HAS”
Structural Adaptation
• Escaping predators
Examples?
Structural Adaptation
• Obtaining food
Examples?
Structural Adaptation
• Reproducing
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation =
inherited behavior
• Adaptation that an animal
“DOES”
Behavioral Adaptation
• Camouflage = blending in with
environment
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation
• Mimicry = acting
like a different
organism
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation
• Courtship = males & females of a
species prepare for mating
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation
• Hibernation = greatly reduced
body activity during winter
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation
• Migration = periodic journey of an
animal from one place & back
again
Examples?
Instinct vs. Learning
• Instinct =
Instinct vs. Learning
• Instinct = behavior an animal can
perform without being taught
Instinct vs. Learning
• Learning =
Instinct vs. Learning
• Learning = animal requires
practice & experience to perform
the behavior
• 4 types:
conditioning
trial-and-error
insight
imprinting
Conditioning = connecting a
stimulus to a good or bad event
Trial-and-error = performing a
behavior more skillfully with
repeated practice
Insight = applying knowledge to
solve a new problem
Imprinting = some newborn
animals follow the first moving
object they see