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Community Interactions Community Interactions • Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can powerfully affect an ecosystem. • Competition – when organisms attempt to use a resource at the same place and the same time. • Predation – when one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Symbiosis • In a symbiotic relationship at least one of the organisms directly benefits from its close association with the other organism. There are three types of symbiosis. Symbiotic Relationships A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit EX: Cowbirds eat the bugs off of a cow’s back A symbiotic relationship where 1 organism benefits and the other is harmed. Ex: A tick feeds on the blood of a dog A symbiotic relationship where 1 organism benefits and the other is unaffected Ex: When cows walk through a field it stirs up bugs and birds eat the bugs Commensalism • One species benefits and the other gets no real benefit or harm. Commensalism Bromiliad and tree – the higher the bromiliad on the branches, the more sun Commensalism Shark and Remora – remora eats food scraps from sharks meals. Commensalism Barnacles and Whale – Barnacles are moved to feeding grounds by riding on the whales. Mutualism • Both species benefit from the relationship Mutualism Clownfish gets – protection and home Anemone gets – cleaned and brought food Mutualism Eel gets cleaned by removal of parasites Shrimp gets food Mutualism Same as before Parasitism • One species (the parasite) benefits, but in doing so, harms the other (the host). Parasitism Mosquito – takes blood for food Humans – loss of blood and possible infection Parasitism Tick – blood for food Mammal – loss of blood and possible infection Parasitism Mistletoe – takes nutrients from the tree. Tree – loss of nutrients and loss of leaves, possible disease.