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Tiger / Carnivore Sign Survey Intensive search for tiger sign Minimum 15 km search in most likely areas in each Beat 3-5 searches each of 46 km Important to record distance covered in each search Data Sheet-1 Data Sheet for Tiger, Leopard & Other Carnivore Sign Encounter Rate Observer Name: ______________________ End Time: ___________________________ Forest Division: ______________________ Data Sheet-1 Data Sheet for Tiger, Leopard & Other Carnivore Sign Encounter Rate Date: _______________________________ Start Time: ___________________________ Begin GPS: Lat: _____________________N, Long: ________________________________E Range _______________________________ Beat ________________________________ Total Kms. Walked: _________Km. Time Spent in any other activity______Min. Sl. No *Carnivore Species ^Sign Type Forest Type Terrain Type Remarks 1. 2. 3. 4. * Carnivore species to be recorded: tiger, leopard, wild dog, bear, hyaena, wolf, jackal ^ Sign types to be recorded are pugmark (trails), scats (Old: dry with hairs and bones visible; fresh: dry but intact with shiny surface; very fresh: soft moist, and smelly), scraps, scent marks (spray, rolling), rake marks on trunks, vocalization (roaring), actual sighting. 1) Has any tigress with cubs been reported during the past 12 months? Yes____ No____ Approximate date/month___________ a) Seen by staff, b) Pugmarks, c) Reported by local persons, d) Seen by officials (√ the appropriate) How many cubs __________, approximate age of cubs ________________. 2) In case tigers are known to be present in the beat, but no sign was obtained during the sampling period then mention on what evidence was this conclusion made (pugmark, direct sighting, scat, other sign) ___________. Approximate date/month_______ tiger presence was last recorded in the beat. 3) Has any leopard with cubs been reported during the past 12 months? Yes____ No____ Approximate date___________ a) Seen by staff, b) Pugmarks, c) Reported by local persons, d) Seen by officials (√ the appropriate) How many cubs __________, approximate age of cubs ________________. 4) In case leopards are known to be present in the beat, but no sign was obtained during the sampling period then mention on what evidence was this conclusion made (pugmark, direct sighting, scat, other sign)___________. Approximate date/month _______ leopard presence was last recorded in the beat. 5) How many livestock predation events have been recorded in the past 3 months, ______ by tigers, ___________ by leopards, ___________ by dholes, _______ by other carnivores (specify which carnivores known) no. of events______, _____, _____, carnivores _____, _____, _____. 6) Comments & Remarks: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Ungulate Encounter Rates Establish line transect 2-4 km (or seg. >2 km) in each beat. Walk early morning. Count no. of each species, group size, young of the year. Data Sheet-2 Encounter Rate on Line Transects Observer name: .................................... End time: ............................................ Forest division: .......................... Transect forest type: ................. Weather condition: Cloudy/Clear sky End GPS Lat: ...................................N; Sighting No Time Species* Start time: ................................. Date: ...................................................... ID no. of line transect: ............. Total length: ………………………km Range: .................................................Beat: ..................................................... Transect terrain type: ........................... Beginning GPS Lat: ................N; Long: ………........................................E Long: ......................................E Total Nos. Young Forest Type Terrain Type Remarks (Adults & Young) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 *Species that need to be recorded on the transect: chital, sambar, nilgai, gaur, barking deer, elephant, rhino, wild buffalo, swamp deer, hog deer, chowsingha, blackbuck, chinkara, wild pig, langur, peafowl, hare, cattle (live stock), and other mammalian species seen. Vegetation : Canopy Cover Subjectively classify the canopy cover as <0.1, 0.10.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.6, 0.60.8, >0.8 Data Sheet-3A Vegetation (15m radius plot) Name of Observer: …………………. Range: ………………………………… Plot No. Canopy Cover (0-1) Tree Species * (Descending Order of Dominance) 1 2 3 4 Date: ………………… Forest Division…………………. Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ……… Shrub Species/ Shrub like Tree Species * (Descending Order of Dominance) 5 1 2 3 4 Shrub Abundance 0 to 4 0-absent to 4-very high 5 Weed/Invasive Species (Descending Order of Dominance) 1 2 Weed/Invasive Abundance 0 to 4 0-absent to 4-very high 3 1 2 3 4 5 *Bamboo more than 2m is entered in “Tree” category, less than 2m in “Shrub” category Broad vegetation and terrain for the plot Vegetation & Human Disturbance Survey Along every 200 m on established transect List 5 tree & shrub species in order of dominance within 15m radius List signs of wood cutting, lopping, grass cutting, human trails within 15m radius Data Sheet-3B Human Disturbance Name of Observer: …………………. Range: ………………………………… Plot No. Date: ………………… Forest Division…………………. Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ……… Human Disturbances Wood Cutting (No. of trees cut) Lopping (No. of trees lopped) Grass/ Bamboo Cutting (Yes/No) Presence of Human/Livestock/ Trail (Yes/No) People Seen (Yes/No) Livestock Seen (Yes/No) Latitude (D,M,S, North) Longitud e (D,M,S, East) 1 2 3 4 5 Are there any permanent human settlements in the beat? (Yes/No). If Yes, how many?_____. Approximate human population___________, Approximate livestock population _______ Cattle, _______ Goat/Sheep, _______ Other Livestock. Is there NTFP collection in the beat____ Yes/No. If yes, what NTFP is collected_____________, __________, ___________, ___________, Rate NTFP collection on a scale of 0-4, 0-No to 4-Very high_______________, _______________, _______________, ______________. Vegetation : Ground Cover At every vegetation plot (every 200m on line transect) quantify ground cover. Record % of 2m radius plot that is covered with grass, herbs, weeds, bare ground. List 3 dominant grass species, herb species, weeds. Data Sheet-3C Recording Ground Cover (1 m radius or 2m diameter plot ) Name of Observer: …………………. Range: ………………………………… Plot No. Dry Leaf Litter % Ground Cover (The following 5 columns should total 100%) Dry Grass % 1 2 3 4 5 Date: ………………… Forest Division…………………. Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ……… Green Grass % Herb (Small Plants) % Weeds % Bare Ground % Grass Species (Report in descending order of numbers½ 1 2 3 Herb Species (Report in descending order of numbers) 1 2 3 Remarks Ungulate Pellet Counts At 5 random locations along the line transect (at least 200m apart) sample a 2 by 20 m strip. Classify and count ungulate pellets to species (wild Data Sheet-4 Pellet Counts of Ungulates Others/Unid. Other Domestic livestock Goat & Sheep Cattle Langur Rhino Elephant Wild buffalo Blackbuck Hare Mouse deer Chowsingha Chinkara Hog Deer Date: ………………… Forest Division…………………. Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ……… Barking Deer Barasingha Gaur Nilgai Wild Pig Sambar Chital Terrain Type Plot NO. Forest Type Name of Observer: …………………. Range: ………………………………… 1 2 3 4 5 *Present / Absent *Based on your personal knowledge mention if the species occurs in the beat irrespective of whether its dung was recorded or not. 1. Do goat/sheep graze the sampled area ? Yes / No 2. In case pellets are obtained in large piles then these could be categorized into the following categories: No. of Pellets Category 50-100 A 100-200 B >200 C Data Sheet-5 Track Plot for Carnivores and Mega Herbivores (Pressure Impressure Pad) Sec E Min E Deg E Sec N Min N Deg N Others Others Water Buffalo Rhino Elephant Gaur Small Cat Date: ………………… Forest Division…………………. Beat: ………………… ID No. of Track Plot: ………..… Jackal Hyena Dhole Sloth Bear Leopard Tiger Terrain Type PIP No. Forest Type Name of Observer: …………………. Range: ………………………………… 1 2 3 4 5 If tracks of young carnivores (eg. tiger cubs) are observed, please mention in remarks. Remarks: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Data Sheet-6 Patrol Form Name of Guard: …….…. Date: ………………… Range: ……………………. Beat: ………………… No. of Persons on Patrol:….. ……… Armed……………. Patrol Type: General Duties, Investigations, Surveillance, Others Patrol Method: Foot, Jeep, Motorbike, Bicycle, Elephant and Others Lat Date Long Time Place Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec Animal specie s seen Group size seen Forest Division…………..…… Unarmed………………….. Illegal Activities Type Time elaps ed Details M – Male, F – Female, Un – Unknown, Y – Young, Ad – Adult. Animal Mortality Records Action taken Species Gender (M/F/Un) Age (Y/Ad/Un) Carcass state Cause of death Samples taken