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Tiger / Carnivore Sign Survey
Intensive search for
tiger sign
Minimum 15 km
search in most likely
areas in each Beat
3-5 searches each of 46 km
Important to record
distance covered in
each search
Data Sheet-1
Data Sheet for Tiger, Leopard & Other Carnivore Sign Encounter Rate
Observer Name: ______________________
End Time: ___________________________
Forest Division: ______________________
Data Sheet-1
Data Sheet for Tiger, Leopard &
Other Carnivore Sign Encounter Rate
Date: _______________________________
Start Time: ___________________________
Begin GPS: Lat: _____________________N, Long: ________________________________E
Range _______________________________ Beat ________________________________
Total Kms. Walked: _________Km.
Time Spent in any other activity______Min.
Sl. No
*Carnivore Species
^Sign Type
Forest Type
Terrain Type
Remarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
* Carnivore species to be recorded: tiger, leopard, wild dog, bear, hyaena, wolf, jackal
^ Sign types to be recorded are pugmark (trails), scats (Old: dry with hairs and bones visible; fresh: dry but intact with shiny surface;
very fresh: soft moist, and smelly), scraps, scent marks (spray, rolling), rake marks on trunks, vocalization (roaring), actual sighting.
1) Has any tigress with cubs been reported during the past 12 months?
Yes____ No____ Approximate date/month___________
a) Seen by staff,
b) Pugmarks,
c) Reported by local persons,
d) Seen by officials (√ the appropriate)
How many cubs __________, approximate age of cubs ________________.
2) In case tigers are known to be present in the beat, but no sign was obtained during the sampling period then mention
on what evidence was this conclusion made (pugmark, direct sighting, scat, other sign) ___________.
Approximate date/month_______ tiger presence was last recorded in the beat.
3) Has any leopard with cubs been reported during the past 12 months?
Yes____ No____ Approximate date___________
a) Seen by staff,
b) Pugmarks,
c) Reported by local persons,
d) Seen by officials (√ the appropriate)
How many cubs __________, approximate age of cubs ________________.
4) In case leopards are known to be present in the beat, but no sign was obtained during the sampling period then mention
on what evidence was this conclusion made (pugmark, direct sighting, scat, other sign)___________.
Approximate date/month _______ leopard presence was last recorded in the beat.
5) How many livestock predation events have been recorded in the past 3 months, ______ by tigers, ___________ by leopards,
___________ by dholes, _______ by other carnivores (specify which carnivores known) no. of events______, _____, _____,
carnivores _____, _____, _____.
6) Comments & Remarks:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Ungulate Encounter
Rates
Establish line
transect 2-4 km
(or seg. >2 km) in
each beat.
Walk early
morning. Count
no. of each
species, group
size, young of the
year.
Data Sheet-2
Encounter Rate on Line Transects
Observer name: ....................................
End time: ............................................
Forest division: ..........................
Transect forest type: .................
Weather condition: Cloudy/Clear sky
End GPS Lat: ...................................N;
Sighting
No
Time
Species*
Start time: .................................
Date: ......................................................
ID no. of line transect: .............
Total length: ………………………km
Range: .................................................Beat: .....................................................
Transect terrain type: ...........................
Beginning GPS Lat: ................N;
Long: ………........................................E
Long: ......................................E
Total Nos.
Young
Forest Type
Terrain Type
Remarks
(Adults & Young)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
*Species that need to be recorded on the transect: chital, sambar, nilgai, gaur, barking deer, elephant, rhino, wild buffalo, swamp deer, hog deer,
chowsingha, blackbuck, chinkara, wild pig, langur, peafowl, hare, cattle (live stock), and other mammalian species seen.
Vegetation : Canopy Cover
Subjectively
classify the
canopy cover
as <0.1, 0.10.2, 0.2-0.4,
0.4-0.6, 0.60.8, >0.8
Data Sheet-3A
Vegetation (15m radius plot)
Name of Observer: ………………….
Range: …………………………………
Plot
No.
Canopy
Cover (0-1)
Tree Species *
(Descending
Order of
Dominance)
1
2
3
4
Date: ………………… Forest Division………………….
Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ………
Shrub Species/
Shrub like Tree
Species *
(Descending
Order of
Dominance)
5
1
2
3
4
Shrub
Abundance
0 to 4
0-absent to
4-very high
5
Weed/Invasive
Species
(Descending Order
of Dominance)
1
2
Weed/Invasive
Abundance
0 to 4
0-absent to
4-very high
3
1
2
3
4
5
*Bamboo more than 2m is entered in “Tree” category, less than 2m in “Shrub” category
Broad
vegetation
and terrain
for the plot
Vegetation & Human Disturbance Survey
Along every 200 m
on established
transect
List 5 tree & shrub
species in order of
dominance within
15m radius
List signs of wood
cutting, lopping,
grass cutting, human
trails within 15m
radius
Data Sheet-3B
Human Disturbance
Name of Observer: ………………….
Range: …………………………………
Plot
No.
Date: ………………… Forest Division………………….
Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ………
Human Disturbances
Wood
Cutting
(No. of trees
cut)
Lopping
(No. of trees
lopped)
Grass/
Bamboo
Cutting
(Yes/No)
Presence of
Human/Livestock/
Trail
(Yes/No)
People Seen
(Yes/No)
Livestock
Seen
(Yes/No)
Latitude
(D,M,S,
North)
Longitud
e
(D,M,S,
East)
1
2
3
4
5
Are there any permanent human settlements in the beat? (Yes/No). If Yes, how many?_____. Approximate human population___________,
Approximate livestock population _______ Cattle, _______ Goat/Sheep, _______ Other Livestock.
Is there NTFP collection in the beat____ Yes/No. If yes, what NTFP is collected_____________, __________, ___________, ___________,
Rate NTFP collection on a scale of 0-4, 0-No to 4-Very high_______________, _______________, _______________, ______________.
Vegetation : Ground Cover
At every
vegetation plot
(every 200m on
line transect)
quantify ground
cover.
Record % of 2m
radius plot that is
covered with
grass, herbs,
weeds, bare
ground.
List 3 dominant
grass species,
herb species,
weeds.
Data Sheet-3C
Recording Ground Cover (1 m radius or 2m diameter plot )
Name of Observer: ………………….
Range: …………………………………
Plot
No.
Dry
Leaf
Litter
%
Ground Cover
(The following 5 columns should total 100%)
Dry
Grass
%
1
2
3
4
5
Date: ………………… Forest Division………………….
Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ………
Green
Grass
%
Herb
(Small
Plants)
%
Weeds
%
Bare
Ground
%
Grass Species
(Report in descending
order of numbers½
1
2
3
Herb Species
(Report in descending
order of numbers)
1
2
3
Remarks
Ungulate Pellet
Counts
At 5 random
locations
along the line
transect (at
least 200m
apart) sample
a 2 by 20 m
strip.
Classify and
count
ungulate
pellets to
species (wild
Data Sheet-4
Pellet Counts of Ungulates
Others/Unid.
Other Domestic
livestock
Goat & Sheep
Cattle
Langur
Rhino
Elephant
Wild buffalo
Blackbuck
Hare
Mouse deer
Chowsingha
Chinkara
Hog Deer
Date: ………………… Forest Division………………….
Beat: ………………… ID No. of Line Transect: ………
Barking Deer
Barasingha
Gaur
Nilgai
Wild Pig
Sambar
Chital
Terrain Type
Plot
NO.
Forest Type
Name of Observer: ………………….
Range: …………………………………
1
2
3
4
5
*Present
/ Absent
*Based on your personal knowledge mention if the species occurs in the beat irrespective of whether its dung was recorded or not.
1. Do goat/sheep graze the sampled area ? Yes / No
2. In case pellets are obtained in large piles then these could be categorized into the following categories:
No. of Pellets
Category
50-100
A
100-200
B
>200
C
Data Sheet-5
Track Plot for Carnivores and Mega Herbivores
(Pressure Impressure Pad)
Sec E
Min E
Deg E
Sec N
Min N
Deg N
Others
Others
Water Buffalo
Rhino
Elephant
Gaur
Small Cat
Date: ………………… Forest Division………………….
Beat: ………………… ID No. of Track Plot: ………..…
Jackal
Hyena
Dhole
Sloth Bear
Leopard
Tiger
Terrain Type
PIP
No.
Forest Type
Name of Observer: ………………….
Range: …………………………………
1
2
3
4
5
If tracks of young carnivores (eg. tiger cubs) are observed, please mention in remarks.
Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Data Sheet-6
Patrol Form
Name of Guard: …….….
Date: …………………
Range: …………………….
Beat: …………………
No. of Persons on Patrol:….. ………
Armed…………….
Patrol Type: General Duties, Investigations, Surveillance, Others
Patrol Method: Foot, Jeep, Motorbike, Bicycle, Elephant and Others
Lat
Date
Long
Time
Place
Deg
Min
Sec
Deg
Min
Sec
Animal
specie
s seen
Group
size
seen
Forest Division…………..……
Unarmed…………………..
Illegal Activities
Type
Time
elaps
ed
Details
M – Male, F – Female, Un – Unknown, Y – Young, Ad – Adult.
Animal Mortality Records
Action
taken
Species
Gender
(M/F/Un)
Age
(Y/Ad/Un)
Carcass
state
Cause
of
death
Samples
taken