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Oh, Deer! A Simulation of the Impact of Changes in the Environment on Population Size By Dr. Martin 1(a) If all the students in habitat decide to be shelter, I can infer that the climate conditions that year were ___________________. /very cold, snowy, or stormy based on that statement that if there is insufficient shelter the deer would die of exposure/ 1(b) If no student in habitat decide to be shelter, I can infer that the climate conditions that year were ___________________. /warm, sunny, very mild since shelter is not really needed/ 2(a) Animals need ____________ to survive. /food, water, shelter and space in a suitable arrangement/ 2(b) Carrying capacity is the _______________ and the number of animals that a habitat can support. If these are limited, then the populations ___________, /balance between availability of food, water, shelter and space,/ /will not reproduce/ 2(c) Limiting factors that affect the survival of animals can be density-dependent (_________) or density-independent (_________). /(disease and predator/prey) (weather conditions, accidents, pollution, and habitat destruction/degradation)/ 2(d) Factors that limit carrying capacity affect the health, numbers, and distribution of animals leads to ___________________. /threatening, endangering, and eliminating whole species of animals. Populations increase in size until some limiting factors are imposed. Poor habitat results in weakened individuals that will succumb to disease, but not instant death/ 2(e) Limiting factors affect competition within a species by __________. /increasing the likelihood of competition for the available resources/ 2(f) Good habitat is important for animals because ____________________. /habitat components are the most fundamental and the most critical of limiting factors. They change in response to stimulating and limiting factors. Poor habitat results in a weakened individual that easily succumbs to disease./ 2(g) Wildlife populations are not static, and they tend to fluctuate as part of an overall “balance” of nature because they are dependent upon __. Also, since everything is interrelated, any change will interrupt __. /food, water, shelter and space which are limited and create competition/ /dynamic equilibrium/ 2(h) Nature is never really in “balance” because __. /it continuously fluctuates in response to a variety of stimulating and limiting factors and causes competition/ 2(i) This simulation is realistic because ___________. It is not realistic because ________. /it shows the relationship between environmental factors and population size/ /dead organisms do become recycled, just not immediately and all habitat components are required to survive, not just one/ 3. Looking at the data table and the graph of the empirical data, the claim that “changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect wildlife populations” is supported because __________________. /each generation has deer that die because they do not get their share of the limiting factors, and deer that are born because their parent survives by getting enough of the necessary resources. You can see that the population graph moves up and down showing that as the components change, the population changes/ 4. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations can be illustrated by __________. /when water or food is limited, such as in a drought, deer will get weak and die from disease/ For example, quail may start out with a population of 100 pairs in early spring and grow to more than 1,200 birds by late spring. Then as the limiting factors come into play, they may decline back to about 100 pairs by winter. “The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often a measure of its health” “The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity, if commonly referred to as biodiversity”. (Shah, A. 2014) Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species has an important role to play (niche). (Shah, A. 2014) Genetic diversity helps to prevent the chances of extinction since species need a variety of genes to ensure successful survival. (Shah, A. 2014) As humans destroy, reduce and isolate habitats, the chances for interaction from species with a large gene pool decreases. (Shah, A. 2014) “While there might be “survival of the fittest” within a given species, each species depends on the services provided by other species to ensure survival.” (Shah, A. 2014)