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Final Exam Review Part B What is Chargaff’s rule? • • • • A. amounts of A=T and C=G B. amounts of A=C and G=T C. amounts of A=G and C=T D. amounts of A, T, C, and G are equal • ANSWER: A What amino acids do these form? • AUG CCG UAC CCC UAG • Methionine - proline - tyrosine - proline- STOP Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases? Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases? • Phosphate • Sugar • Nitrogenous base What do you call the 3 bases of: • DNA - mRNA - tRNA • ANSWER: triplet - codon - anticodon Identify the parts of protein synthesis: ANSWERS Transcription = DNA –mRNA (in nucleus) Translation= mRNA –tRNA (at ribosome) What is the mutation? • ORIGINAL DNA: AAA AUG CCC CUA • MUTATION: AAA GUA CCC CUA • • • • A. insertion B. deletion C. translocation (between 2 diff. chrom.) D. inversion (flipped on one chrom.) ANSWER: inversion Which mutations will be inherited? • A. from both somatic and sex cells • B. from only sex cells • C. from only somatic cells • ANSWER: B What do you call the circular DNA in bacteria? • • • • A. rRNA B. chloroplast C. nucleolus D. plasmid • ANSWER: D If you place recombinant DNA into an organism, it is called: • • • • A, genomic B. eugenic C. transgender D. Transgenic • ANSWER: D What are the single-stranded parts of a plasmid called? • STICKY ENDS What is this? Recombinant DNA = inserted DNA from a different organism + plasmid What is this? What would be the DNA bases to join these single strands? • ATTC C G • TAA G G C G C TA • ANSWER: A T T C C G C G A T • TAA G G C G C TA Which mutations will be inherited? • • • • A. those from the sex cells of the parents B. those from the skin cells of the parents C. those from any cell of the parents D. those only from the mother • ANSWER: A What do you call this rabbit? • Alba has a gene called luciferase in it from a firefly. It is now… • A. translucent B. transgenic • C. genomic • D. eugenic • ANSWER: B What process separates DNA according to size and charge? • A. PCR • B. gel electrophoresis • C. cloning • D. probing Which is the father? • ANSWER: gel electrophoresis M=mother, Fern C=child F1=Ross F2=Rick What is the definition of evolution? • A. change in frequency of alleles over time • B. process in which an organism becomes extinct • C. reproductive isolation of members of certain species • D. replacement of one community by another • ANSWER: A Scientific age of the Earth • A. 60,000 years old • B. 4.5 million years old • C. 4.5 billion years old • ANSWER: C • Also: Age of living things 3.5 billion years Define homologous structures: • A. same structures, same functions, same origins • B. same structures, different functions, same origins • C. different structures, same functions, same origins • D. different structures, same functions, different origins • ANSWER: B Inherited traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment is called: • • • • • A. adaptations B. mutations C. petrification D. evolution ANSWER: A If you have a large number of differences of amino acids in a protein found in two different species suggest that: • • • • • A. they evolved in similar environments B. they are closely related C. they are distantly related to one another D. they are the same species ANSWER: C What are preserved remnants or impressions of the evidence of life? • • • • A. chromosomes B. traits C. homologous chromosomes D. fossils • ANSWER: D When an allele controlling a trait has HIGH fitness its frequency in the population should: • A. decrease • B. increase • C. remain the same • ANSWER: B Which is NOT a condition of the Hardy Weinberg? • • • • A. no migration in or out B. equal reproduction of all organisms C. random mating D. high rates of mutation • ANSWER: D • Also large population and no natural selection When fertile individuals move in or out of a population and reduce genetic differences between these populations is called: • • • • A. gene flow B. microevolution C. bottleneck effect D. founder effect • ANSWER: A Natural Selection works on an organism’s: • A. genotype • B. phenotype • ANSWER: B In what type of rock would you find fossils? • A. igneous • B. metamorphic • C. sedimentary • ANSWER: C Which were most likely the most primitive organisms? • • • • • A. corals B. bacteria C. fish D. eukaryotes E. Mr. Bethem • ANSWER: B or E If A=.7 and a=.3, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals? • • • • A. .49 B. .09 C. .42 D. 1 • ANSWER: A AA = p2 (.7) (.7) Aa = 2pq aa = q2 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Hardy-Weinberg Which graph is showing directional evolution? • A. • B. • C. • ANSWER: A Which graph is showing directional evolution? • Directional • A. • B. • C. White brown black • Disruptive • stabilizing The raw material for evolution comes from… • • • • A, natural selection B. gene flow C. mutations D. genetic drift • ANSWER: C Which are most closely related? • Red algae and green algae • Red algae brown algae • Diatoms and yeast • ANSWER: brown and red algae Which are most related? • Rhea and Stuthio • Rhea and Pterocnemia • ANSWER: Rhea and Pterocnemia Darwin did not know about: • • • • A. fossils B. genes C. gene flow D. artificial selection • ANSWER: B Which of these (choose 2)would be in the same family? • Cat alligator lion • ANSWER: cat and lion manatee In what kingdom are all of these? • Cat alligator lion • ANSWER: animalia manatee Which phylogenetic tree shows the most diversity? • A B • ANSWER: C C Which species is most closely related to humans? • ANSWER: chimpanzees What are same structures, same origin, different function? • A. homologous • B. analagous • ANSWER: • homologous What is taxonomy? • • • • • A. study of molecular biology B. study of anthropology C. study of classification D. geology E. stuffing dead animal carcasses • ANSWER: C Which are the primary consumers? • • • • ANSWER: Mouse Deer Cricket Where are the producers? • ANSWER: D What % of energy is passed to each trophic level above it? • A. 10 • B. 90 • C. 50 • ANSWER: 10% Which is where both organisms benefit? • • • • A. mutualism B. parasitism C. commensalism D. predation • Answer: A Which fossil is the oldest? • ANSWER: A Describe forest succession Primary succ = start with rock • • • • Seconday succ.=start with soil Lichen and moss’ acids break down rock Small plants Shrubs Pines then oaks and maples Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem shown • • • • • A. grasshopper B. fish C. light D. hawk ANSWER: C Which is a population example? • • • • A. leopard frogs in a stream B. birds in Colorado C. reptiles in the Sahara Desert D. trees in a forest • ANSWER: A (same species, same time, same place) First organism in most food chains: • • • • A. herbivore B. decomposer C. carnivore D. photosynthetic • ANSWER: D This graph shows: • A. logistic growth • B. exponential growth • C. super duper growth • ANSWER: A If the birthrate equals the death rate, the population… • • • • A. reaches zero growth B. Gradually increases C. gradually decreases D. becomes unstable • ANSWER: A Going from sea level to mountain top, an ecologist saw: • Description • Which biome? -Deep-green • Temperate deciduous +many birds+ forest sm. Animals -bare rock,very little vegetation, • tundra few birds Which column contains only abiotic factors? • ANSWER: B What category are these? (animals that eat dead organisms) • • • • A. decomposers B. scavengers C. herbivores D. autotrophs • ANSWER: B Where are the autotrophs? • • • • Fish Snails Plants Gravel • ANSWER: • plants Where is the carrying capacity on the graph? A B ANSWER: C C Predator-Prey Graph • What’s going on here? • ANSWER: prey density goes down, then predator density goes down Which of the following would be the largest group of organisms? • • • • A. community B. population C. species D. ecosystem • ANSWER: D Largest to smallest • • • • • • • Biosphere – whole earth Biome –lg. area similar temp + organisms Ecosystem – living + non-living Community-many species in a place Population –one species in a place Species – can interbreed and viable offspr. Organism – one individual Which of the following would be decomposers? • • • • A. plants B. fungi + bacteria C. animals D. paramecia (protists) • ANSWER: B What is the name of Mrs. Sheldon’s iguana? • • • • A. Spikey B. Bob C. Killer D. Lazy butt • ANSWER: A