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World Bank Biodiversity
Overview & Strategic Directions
Dr Kathy MacKinnon
Lead Biodiversity Specialist
Environment Department
The World Bank
May 2005
World Bank Environment Strategy
Three Objectives:
•
•
•
Improve the quality of life by:
 Enhancing livelihoods,
 Reducing environmental health risks, and
 Reducing vulnerability to environmental
hazards
Improve the quality of growth by:
 Supporting policy, regulations, and institutions
for sustainable environmental management,
and
 Supporting sustainable private sector
development
Protect the quality of local & global commons by:
 Finding equitable solutions to global
environmental challenges
WB Environment Strategy
Environment and the MDGs
Goal 1:
Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
Ensure sound and
equitable management of
biodiversity and ecosystems
Ensure access to safe water and
sanitation services
Improve air quality and limit
exposure to toxic chemicals
Reduce and mitigate natural
disasters and resource-based
conflict
Reduce and mitigate
climate variability and change
Goal 2:
Achieve universal primary
education
Enhanced
livelihoods
Goal 3:
Promote gender equality
Better health
Goal 4:
Reduce child mortality
Reduced
vulnerability
Goal 5:
Improve maternal health
Goal 6:
Combat major diseases
Goal 7:
Ensure environmental
sustainability
Bank Biodiversity Portfolio
1988-2004

More than 426 projects, worth $ 4.7
billion

WB loans, GEF, RFTF and cofunding

Conservation and sustainable use

200+ Protected Area projects (94 countries)

Biodiversity in agricultural & production
landscapes, including marine & freshwater
ecosystems
Strategic Partnerships for Biodiversity

Global partnerships (GEF, CBD and other international
agreements), Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Partnerships with NGOs: WWF/World Bank Alliance for
Forests, Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund, Alliance
of Religions and Conservation, Global Invasive Species
Programme

Outreach and partnerships with private sector: CEOs
Forum on Forests, World Business Council for
Sustainable Development, IFC.

Alignment of BNPP, TFESSD and other trust funds with
Environment Strategy implementation and Biodiversity
and Forestry priorities
Global Forest Alliance
World Bank and World Wide Fund for Nature

50 million hectares of new protected areas

50 m ha more effectively managed Pas

200 m ha sustainably managed forest

Achievements:

28.5 m ha Amazon rainforest (ARPA, Brazil)

Mobilizing certification for SFM in Vietnam

Tools for PA management effectiveness
Bank support
230 PA projects
$3.2 billion
Regional Partnerships
THE BNPP/ MABC Initiative: 2001-2004 Components are provide
the “glue” to the national conservation efforts
1. MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING TOOLS


3. MAINSTREAMING

4. CAPACITY
BUILDING
2.
PROMOTION
/COMMUNICATION
STRATEGY
Innovative partnerships

Religions and Biodiversity Conservation
– Working with major religions globally to
mainstream biodiversity
– Pilot project to incorporate environment in
Mongolian Buddhist literature for education

Local Language Field Guides
– More than 60 guides published
– Started East Asia, now global
– Huge demand – more than 500 applications
New Directions
 Mainstreaming
Biodiversity in
Production Landscapes
 Biodiversity-poverty linkages
 Payments for Ecosystem services
 Indigenous peoples issues
 Invasive alien species
Tourism in Southern Africa
PAs, wildlife and tourism
 Bush and beach packages
 Mozambique transfrontier and coastal
 Swaziland tourism and biodiversity
corridors
 Transfrontier tourist routes

Coastal fisheries in Indonesia
COREMAP/Coral reefs
 Small-scale fisheries and community
management
 SEMBILANG NP
 Mangrove and fish nurseries
 KOMODO
 Public-private partnerships
 Sharing of benefits

Benefits to Local Communities
India Eco-development
 Community committees and user
groups
 Indigenous reserves, e.g. Peru, Brazil
 Supplementary livelihoods
 Empowerment

Payments for Ecosystem Services
Linking forest protection to water
quality – Running Pure
 Ecomarkets project in Costa Rica
 Integrated Silvopastoral approached to
ecosystem management
 Guidelines for PES
 Community Development Carbon
Fund, BioCarbon Fund

Invasive Alien Species
Constraints to Development







Reduce crop yields (food security)
Land degradation
Ecosystems services, water quality &
quantity
Choke irrigation canals
Block hydroelectric dams
Reduce lifespan of development
investments
Impact on poorest sections of society
Global Invasive Species Programme







GISP mandate from COP6 work program on
IAS
Bank support to GISP secretariat and core
programs
GISP partners: IUCN, TNC, SANBI, CABI and
Working for Water
Capacity building in East Africa
Poverty linkages – costs and opportunities
Economic toolkits – cost effective interventions
Legal and institutional needs
www.gisp.org
Biodiversity at the World Bank
 For
more information:
www.worldbank.org/biodiversity