Download Second law of motion

Newton’s Laws of
Motion
NOTE TAKING WORKSHEET
Section 1: Motion
•
•
A. Motion is a change in POSITION
__________________.
1.
______________ - the entire path an object travels.
DISTANCE
2. The distance and direction between starting and stopping positions is
_________________________.
DISPLACEMENT
•
•
3.
_____________ motion - an object’s position change is described in terms of a
RELATIVE
reference point.
•
B. SPEED
______________ - distance traveled divided by the time needed to travel the
distance, or speed = distance/time
•
1. ___________________________
- speed is the same at any given moment in
CONSTANT
SPEED
time.
INSTANTANEOUS
•
2. Speed at a particular instant in time is ________________________ speed.
Section 1: Motion
•
C.VELOCITY
__________________ - displacement divided by time, or v = displacement/time.
•
AVERAGE
1. Formula calculates ___________________
velocity.
•
2. Includes concept ofDIRECTION
___________________ as well as speed.
•
•
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D. Change in velocity divided by the time required for the change to occur is
ACCELERATION
_____________________________.
SLOWS DOWN
1. Acceleration occurs when an object _____________________
as well as
speeds up.
SPEED
•
2. For an object traveling in a straight line, a change in _____________ can be
used to calculate acceleration.
TIME
•
•
a. Acceleration is final speed minus initial speed divided by __________, or
acceleration = (final speed - initial speed)
•
TURNING
ZERO
time
Section 2: Newton’s First Law
•
•
A. Laws of MOTION
__________________ are sets of rules first stated by Isaac Newton.
1.FORCE
____________ - a push or pull with a size and direction.
CONTACT
LONG-RANGE
•
2. ____________ force involves objects touching each other.
•
3. ________________ forces include gravity, magnetism, and electricity.
•
4. When scientists measure force, they use the _______________, abbreviated N.
•
B. _____________ law of motion - an object will remain at rest or move in a straight
line with constant speed unless a force acts on it.
NEWTON
FIRST
INERTIA
MASS
•
•
1. _______________ measures an object’s tendency to remain at rest or keep
moving.
2. Inertia is related to ____________; objects with more mass have more inertia.
Section 2: Newton’s First Law
MORE THAN one force acts on an object.
C. Adding forces - sometimes __________________
BALANCED
1. __________________
forces - forces that are equal but in opposite directions,
canceling each other.
2. If one force is greater than another, a change in motion will result from the
UNBALANCED
__________________________
forces.
VELOCITY
3. An object acted on by an unbalanced force changes __________________.
Section 3: Newton’s Second Law
A. Second law of motion - an object acted on by an unbalanced force will
ACCELERATE
____________________
in the direction of the force.
1. Acceleration equals force divided by mass or a = force/mass
NET force that acts on
2. Force is equal to the combination of all forces, or the __________
an object.
B. Second law can also be used to find ______________
if mass and acceleration are
FORCE
known.
1. Near Earth’s surface, the force of gravity causes all objects to fall with the same
__________________________
9.8 m/s2
ACCELERATION
EQUALS mass times
a. For any object that is falling, the force of gravity ____________
acceleration due to gravity, or F = m x (9.8 m/s2 )
b. Because weight is the force of gravity on an object, an object’s weight EQUALS
________
mass times acceleration due to gravity, or weight = m x (9.8 m/s2 )
2. Weight and mass are not the same thing.
a. Weight changes when the acceleration due to ______________
GRAVITY changes.
b. Mass remains the ____________
SAME no matter what weight is.
Section 3: Newton’s Second Law
FRICTION
C. _________________
- a force that resists motion and is always present between two
moving surfaces.
STATIC
1. _____________
friction - keeps a stationary object from moving on a surface when a
force is applied to the object.
2. _____________
SLIDING friction - occurs when two surfaces slide past each other; slows
down the moving object.
3. _____________
ROLLING friction - friction between a surface and a wheel when the wheel rolls
over the surface.
4. Air ___________________
RESISTANCE - typical action of air molecules on a forward-moving
object, slowing its motion.
Section 4: Newton’s Third Law
FORCES
A. Third law of motion - _______________
always act in equal but opposite pairs.
SAME amount of
1. When a force is exerted on an object, the object exerts the _________
force.
LONG-RANGE
2. Third law of motion applies whether forces are contact or _________________.
ALL
B. Things move because action and reaction forces work on _________________
objects.
1. Friction is a factor in the third law.
2. Using the second law equation, the object with the larger mass has the smaller
_________________________
if the same force is applied.
ACCELERATION
MASS
3. All objects in the universe exert a force on all others; however, differences in _______
may make these forces unnoticeable.
FORCES act on it.
C. The three laws of motion describe how any object moves when ____________
Overview
Newton’s Laws of Motion
1. If you walk from your house to your friend’s house, the distance and direction between
your house and your friend’s house is your _________________________
DISPLACEMENT
2. The distance traveled divided by the time needed to travel the distance is
______________________________
SPEED
3. Displacement divided by time is ____________________________
VELOCITY
BALANCED
4. Forces that cancel each other out are _____________________________
According to
NEWTON’S
FIRST
___________
5.
law of motion
an
object in
motion
will stay in motion
until a
FORCE
6. ____________
acts upon it
NEWTON’S
NEWTON’S
7.
____________
SECOND
law of motion
THIRD
9. ____________
law of motion
an object
forces always act
in
8. acted upon
by a
FORCE
____________
10.
EQUAL
______________
but opposite pairs
will
accelerate in the
direction of that
force