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Transcript
Force
• Force in Physics
• Definition of force
• Forces can cause motion, but they are not always
correlated with motion. The pull of gravity on a parked
car does not cause motion. There are hundreds of
object around us on which forces are acting, but which
are not moving.
• Newton stated that change of motion is caused by
forces.
• force is “something” which can change the state of
motion.
• By state of motion we understand parameters defining
the motion, that is
• direction
• velocity
• acceleration
• In physics, a force is any influence that causes an
object to undergo a change in speed, a change in
direction, or a change in shape.
• A force has both magnitude and direction, making
it a vector quantity.
• Force can also be described by intuitive concepts
such as a push or pull that can cause an object
with mass to change its velocity (which includes to
begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to
accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to
deform. A force has both magnitude and direction,
making it a vector quantity. Newton's second law,
F=ma, was originally formulated in slightly
different, but equivalent terms: the original version
states that the net force acting upon an object is
equal to the rate at which its momentum
changes.[1
• แปล
• ใน ฟิ สกิ ส์ แรงเป็ นอิทธิพลที่ทำให้ เกิดกำรใด ๆ วัตถุ ที่จะได้ รับการเปลี่ยนแปลงความเร็ วใน
การเปลี่ยนแปลงในทิศทางหรื อเปลี่ยนที่อยูใ่ นรูปร่าง Force can also be
described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that
can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which
includes to begin moving from a state of rest ), ie, to
accelerate , or which can cause a flexible object to deform .
กองทัพยังสามารถอธิบายโดยแนวความคิดที่ใช้ งานง่ายเช่นการผลักดันหรื อดึงที่สามารถทาให้
วัตถุที่มี มวล มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงของ ความเร็ ว (ซึง่ รวมถึงเพื่อเริ่ มต้ นการย้ ายจาก รัฐของส่วนที่
เหลือ ) นัน่ คือการ เร่ง หรื อซึง่ อาจทาให้ เกิดเป็ นวัตถุที่มีความยืดหยุน่ ที่จะ ทาให้ เสียโฉม . A
force has both magnitude and direction , making it a vector
quantity. Newton's second law , F=ma, was originally
formulated in slightly different, but equivalent terms: the
original version states that the net force acting upon an
object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes. [ 1
] แรงมีทั ้ง ขนาด และ ทิศทางที่ ทาให้ มน
ั เป็ น เวกเตอร์ จานวน กฎหมายที่สองของนิวตัน , F =
ma, เป็ นสูตรเดิมในที่แตกต่างกันเล็กน้ อย แต่แง่เทียบเท่ารัฐรุ่นเดิมว่าแรงสุทธิปฏิบตั ิตาม
วัตถุจะเท่ากับ อัตรา ที่มี โมเมนตัม การเปลี่ยนแปลง [1]
• แรง (force) คือ การผลักหรื อการดันซึง่ ทาให้ มีผลต่อการเคลื่อนที่ของวัตถุ
ไม่วา่ จะเป็ นการเปลี่ยนแปลงในด้ านของความเร็วหรื อทิศทาง
• แรงแสดงด้ วยเส้ นตรงที่มีปลายเป็ นลูกศรชี ้ โดยที่ความยาวของเส้ นตรงจะ
เป็ นไปตามขนาดของแรง และปลายลูกศรจะชี ้ให้ เห็นทิศทางของแรงที่กระทา
กับวัตถุนนั ้
• Several forces can combine to make a total,
or net, force.
• The force should be equal to the equal to the
summation of F1 and F2 force horizontal
component
• For example, if one person pushed the book with a
force of 20 Newtons toward the left, and the other
person pushed the book with a force of 18 Newtons
toward the right, then that the net force would be 2
Newtons in size and directed toward the left. Here
is a picture showing those forces:
• Forces can be positive or negative.
• So, to be more accurate, in the above diagram we
should call F1 a negative force, that is, negative 20
Newtons, and we should call F2 a positive force, or
positive 18 Newtons. This is shown in the
following diagram. Notice that the net force is
aimed to the left; so, it is a negative force.
• Two forces can cancel each other.
• When two or more forces cancel each other out to
create a net force of 0 as in the above diagram, we
say that the forces on the object are balanced.
• Forces in the same direction work together.
• Also, consider the two people to be pushing the book both in the
same direction. If one person pushed to the right with a force of 8
Newtons, and the other person also pushed to the right with a force
of 6 Newtons, then the net force on the book would be 14 Newtons
toward the right. In this case the two forces would complement each
other, rather than tending to cancel each other.
• This object will move as if it had a single force of 14 Newtons pushing
on it toward the right.
• The net force is the vector sum of all the forces that act
upon an object. That is to say, the net force is the sum of all
the forces, taking into account the fact that a force is a
vector and two forces of equal magnitude and opposite
direction will cancel each other out. At this point, the rules
for summing vectors (such as force vectors) will be kept
relatively simple. Observe the following examples of
summing two forces:
net force
• So what can you do with Newton's second law? As it turns
out, F = ma lets you quantify motion of every variety. Let's
say, for example, you want to calculate the acceleration of
the dog sled shown below.
• If you want to calculate the acceleration, first you need to modify the
force equation to get a = F/m. When you plug in the numbers for
force (100 N) and mass (50 kg), you find that the acceleration is 2
m/s2.
• Notice that doubling the force by adding another
dog doubles the acceleration. Oppositely, doubling
the mass to 100 kg would halve the acceleration to
2 m/s2.
• Finally, let's imagine that a second dog team is attached to
the sled so that it can pull in the opposite direction
• If two dogs are on each side, then the total force pulling to
the left (200 N) balances the total force pulling to the right
(200 N). That means the net force on the sled is zero, so the
sled doesn’t move.
• http://zonalandeducation.com/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/netF
orce/netForce.htm
• http://www.neutron.rmutphysics.com/physicsglossary/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1168&Itemi
d=82
• http://www.rmutphysics.com/physics/oldfront/75/force/index.htm
• http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/u2l2d.cfm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force
• http://blog.tutorvista.com/2010/12/components-of-vectorforce/
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everydaymyths/newton-law-of-motion3.htm
• http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/200
9/taks_g08_science/8Science.htm
• http://library.thinkquest.org/C003546/
• http://www.physicstutorials.org/home/mechanics/dynamics/newton
s-laws-of-motion
• http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~romangoc/M3-1-force-physics.html