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Chapter 9
Early Middle Ages
Feudal Europe
Law codes
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Justinian codification of
Roman law resulted in The
Body of Civil Law.
Also, during this time a book
called the Domesday Book
established the first census
since Roman times.
Code of Hammurabi?????
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Under early Germanic
law, a wrongdoer had
to pay wergild, or
“money for a man,” to
the family of the
person he injured or
killed.
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Under Germanic law,
if an accused person
was unharmed after a
physical trial, or
ordeal, he or she was
presumed innocent.
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The Vikings were
made part of European
civilization by the
Frankish policy of
settling them and
converting them to
Christianity.
Charlemagne
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Charlemagne
established the missi
dominici, who were
two men who were
sent out to local
districts to ensure that
the counts were
carrying out the king’s
orders.
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The Carolingian
Renaissance was a
revival of learning and
culture.
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Although women in
feudal Europe could
legally hold property,
most women remained
under the control of
their fathers until they
were married, and
their husbands after
marriage.
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Still, aristocratic
women had many
opportunities to play
important roles.
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Because the lord was
often away at war or
court, the lady of the
castle had to manage
the estate.
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Households could
include large numbers
of officials and
servants, so this was
no small
responsibility.
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Care of the financial
accounts alone took
considerable
knowledge.
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The lady of the castle
was also responsible
for overseeing the
food supply and
maintaining all the
other supplies needed
for the smooth
operation of the
household.
Knights
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Chivalry was a code of
ethics that knights
were supposed to
uphold.
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In addition to their
oath to defend the
Catholic Church and
defenseless people,
knights were expected
to treat captives as
honored guests instead
of putting them in
dungeons.
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Chivalry also implied
that knights should
fight only for glory
and not for material
rewards.
An ideal that was not
always followed.
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The most important
gift a lord could give
to a vassal was a piece
of land.
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At the heart of
feudalism was
vassalage, which
meant warriors swore
loyalty to a lord, who
in turn took care of
their needs.
Feudal framework
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Pawns (8) --- Represent the Serfs of Feudalism
---Place on the Row Ahead of the Nobility
---May Move 2 Spaces Straight Ahead on First Move
---Every Move There After Must Only Be 1 Space
---May Only Take Pieces By Going Diagonally 1 Space
Rooks (2) --- Represent the Workers of the Castle
---Place on 2 Back Corners of Nobility Line
---May Move Unlimited Vertically or Horizontally 
---May Not Jump Pieces
Knights (2) --- Represent the Knights of Chivalry
---Place on the Back Row Inside of the Rooks
---May Move in an “L” Shape
---Any Combination of 2 and 1 Forwards or Backwards
---May Jump Over Pieces
Bishops (2) --- Represent the Church
---Place on the Back Row Inside of the Knights
---May Move Diagonally Unlimited
---May Not Jump Pieces
---Each Bishop Must Stay on Its Color Throughout
Queen (1) --- Represents the Lady of the Kingdom
---May Move Unlimited in Any Direction
---May Not Jump Pieces
---Starts on Her Color
King (1) --- Represents the Head of the Kingdom
---May Move Any Direction 1 Space
---Must Be Protected or Moved If Put in Check
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In 1066, William of
Normandy invaded
England, soundly
defeating King
Harold’s forces at the
Battle of Hastings.
bayeux-tapestry
Magna Carta
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The Magna Carta
(1215) was a
document that
eventually was used to
strengthen the idea
that a monarch’s
power was limited, not
absolute.
Religion
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Gregory I, also known
as Gregory the Great,
strengthened the
power of the papacy
and the Roman
Catholic Church.
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Saint Benedict
founded a community
of monks that
established the basic
form of monasticism
in the Catholic
Church.
Late (fourth) Crusade
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Pope Innocent III
initiated the Fourth
Crusade.
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The Venetian leaders
of the Fourth Crusade
saw an opportunity to
neutralize the
Byzantine Empire and
diverted their army to
Constantinople.
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Saladin led the
Muslim forces to
retake Jerusalem from
the crusaders.