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1400 - 1800 Many factors encouraged explorations ◦ To seek riches ◦ To spread Christianity ◦ Sea route to Asia Main reason for exploration = new sources of wealth Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Nutmeg Ginger Cinnamon Pepper Italians and Muslims controlled the Mediterranean Sea Trade ◦ Italians sold the goods to the rest of Europe at high prices Europeans wanted to avoid the Italians & find a sea route to Asia Crusades left feelings of hostility between the Christians and Muslims Europeans felt they needed to convert nonChristians throughout the world Caravel ◦ Ships with triangular sails to be able to sail against the wind Magnetic Compass ◦ To know what direction they are going Astrolabe ◦ Could tell how far north/south of the equator you were How Does the Astrolabe Work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwDU0VFWl Q8 Prince Henry founded a navigation school in Portugal “Henry the Navigator” ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Map makers Instrument makers Shipbuilders Scientists Sea captains By the time of Henry’s death in 1460, the Portuguese established a series of trading posts along the shores of Western Africa ◦ Traded gold, ivory, and slaves Primary motives: ◦“God, Glory, and Gold” 1488 = Bartolomeu Dias was the first to sail around the tip of Africa to the Southeast coast of Africa 1498 = Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, a port on the southwest coast of India Increasing envy of Portugal Wanted a route to Asia 1492 = Italian sea captain, Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance his journey to Asia as he sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean ◦ He reached an island in the Caribbean Opened European colonization in the Americas Increased the tension between Spain and Portugal Portugal thought that Columbus claimed land for Spain that they had already reached 1493 = Pope Alexander VI tried to keep peace between Spain and Portugal by creating the Line of Demarcation ◦ Everything west of the line Spain could claim & everything east of the line Portugal could claim Portugal complained that Spain received more land, so the line was moved over Now, Portugal had some ports available in modern-day Brazil 1494 = Treaty of Tordesillas ◦ Spain and Portugal agree to honor the line European nations scrambled to establish outposts along the shores of South and Southeast Asia while fighting with the inhabitants and each other. Scattered trade posts along the coast of Africa and Asia Controlled trade in the Indian Ocean Portuguese would bring spices back to Europe at cheaper prices than before 1521 = Ferdinand Magellan claims the Philippine Islands for Spain. Early1600’s = Dutch and British challenge Portuguese in Indian Ocean ◦ British East India Company Dominates India ◦ Dutch (or Netherlands) Dutch East India Company Dominates Southeast Asia and the Cape of Good Hope ◦ Together they drive out the Portuguese
