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Unit 1 - The Atlantic World United States History Mrs. O’Shea Overview First Americans??? America before 1500 A.D. European World before 1500 A.D. African World before 1500 A.D. Age of Exploration Conquistadors Colonization First Americans??? Migration – movement of people who want to settle in a new place Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice Age Known as the Clovis Theory Came in waves Migrated east and south SKILLS CHECK Meaning of Word Practice Until recently, archaeologists assumed the first Americans were Siberians who crossed the Bering Strait on a land bridge that was made accessible by receding waters during the last Ice Age. Definitions archaeologists accessible receding SKILLS CHECK Drawing Conclusions (1) What did these first Americans do when they arrived on this continent? (2) Read p. 5 in your textbook. Now, rewrite your answer from above using information from your reading. America before 1500 What do we know about these people??? These groups had no real written records. Study objects – learn about way people live http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/27/discove ry-suggests-earlier-arrival-of-firstamericans-video/ Meaning of Word Practice “The Texas finds… are likely to persuade nearly everyone. The undisturbed condition of the site, a distinct layer of artifact-containing sediment below the Clovis deposits and dating that consistently puts that layer at 13,200 to 15,500 years old is what makes this discovery especially convincing.” Definitions sediment deposits Group Assignment Loose-leaf paper - Each student completes own work – one paper will be chosen randomly to be graded for the whole group. Is there evidence of food eaten? Is there evidence of economic activity (trade, money, etc)? What kind of social structure might these people have had? What kind of homes might they have had? Using page 2-3 – try to identify where this group of people lived. What part of North America? Group Assignment – Wrap-up Bag 1 - Traders Bag 2 - Herders Bag 3 - Farmers Bag 4 - Fisherman Bag 5 - Hunters Gatherers European World Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D. – Unstable – Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion throughout North Africa, Arabia and presentday Spain – Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser lords, serfs – Roman Catholic Church ruled. European World Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D. –New farming techniques ->more people ->need more land –Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased demand for trade goods –Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans, merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived-> breakdown of feudal system –Rise of Monarchs –Rise of Universities –Black Death – The Plaque European World Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D. –Rebirth of culture and learning –Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Shakespeare –Printing Press – makes written word accessible to average person –Reformation – protestant church formed –Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal –Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant, caravel made long sea voyages possible Europeans • • • • Dark Ages 500A.D. – 1300A.D. Renaissance 1300A.D. – 1500A.D. Fall of Roman Empire War Black Death (Plague) Trade – dangerous Muslim world was treacherous for Europeans • Time of rebirth • Emphasis on education, invention, arts (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) • Nations were created – France, England, Spain, Portugal (competitive) • Inventions = long sea voyages possible • More money – more trade African World Before 1500 Way of Life • Really diverse geographically -> Africans adapted to their surroundings -> Africans diverse Social Structure • Organized around family groups – kinships Religion • Oral History • Customs and beliefs varied (one god, many gods or goddesses, spirits, after-life) Views on Land • Land was plentiful. • Land ≠ Wealth African World Before 1500 TRADE Europeans Cloth Iron Copper Jewelry North Africans (Middlemen) West Africans Gold Explore? Why? Marco Polo – Italian 1271 - Traveled to China overland Remained in China for 15 years Returned and wrote of travels - “The Travels of Marco Polo” Why is this important? Fueled interest in travel and in goods from Asia Motives for Exploration 1. Christianity – wanted to spread Christianity 2. Wealth – wanted to make money with trade 3. Fame – wanted to become famous 4. National Pride – competition with other countries 5. Curiosity • 1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator explored west of Africa • 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the Cape of Good Hope • 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India ALL PORTUGUESE http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?page=voyages What Next? Portugal discovered two things about going around Africa to Asia 1) wasn't shorter 2) wasn't cheaper Review for Quiz Define Migration. Migration from Asia – Bering Land Bridge What is pre-history? Native American Culture – diverse, views on land, trade European Culture - Middle Ages. Renaissance, views on land, trade African Culture – slavery, views on land, trade European exploration Motives for exploration Portuguese explorers Background Born in Genoa, Italy Trained in Navigator school in Portugal Reasons for Voyage 1. Fame 2. God Voyage to “New World” funded by Spain 3. Trade Route – Competition with Portugal Christopher Columbus’s Voyage Effects on Native Americans Devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough) Effects on Europeans Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops) 1. Complete the chart below using Chapter 2, Sec. 1 Explorers Areas of Exploration and/or Conquest Reason for Exploration Ponce De Leon Balboa Magellan Cortes Pizzaro Cornado De Soto 2. Label on map the routes of each of the explorers. Explorers Areas of Exploration and/or Conquest Ponce De Leon Balboa Florida Magellan Brazil and southern tip of South America (Strait of Magellan) Panama Reason for Exploration Looking for Fountain of youth Exploration - First European to see Pacific Ocean from American continent Sail around Earth?? Explorers Cortes Pizzaro Coronado De Soto Areas of Exploration and/or Conquest Reason for Exploration Aztec Empire – present-day Mexico Inca Empire – present-day Peru Present-day Texas and as far north as Kansas Present-day Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma. Conquer Aztecs Conquer Incas Looking for “golden cities” Looking for “golden cities” Conquistadors and Colonies God, Glory, Gold Spanish Conquerors = Conquistadors 1492-1650 – Spanish built empires in Americas Did not drive natives out of lands, forced them to be part of colonial system