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Classical Societies Ancient Athens to the Roman Empire Democracy and Republic • Democracy-government by the people, for the people • Direct Democracy- a form of democracy in which the people as a whole make direct decisions, rather than have those decisions made for them by elected representatives (Athens) • Representative Democracy- a type of democracy in which the citizens delegate authority to elected representatives (Rome) • Republic-a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state. Athens • Ancient Greece was comprised of city states (polis) • Birth place of democracy was Athens • Economic instability led to Athens being on the verge of civil war • 594 BC Solon makes political and economic reforms in favor of the poor farmers. • He cancels land debt and releases farmers from slavery Athens cont. • 508 BC Cleisthenes rules Athens, his reforms grant full rights to all FREE MEN of Athens • 490-479 BC Persian Wars • 461-429 BC “Age of Pericles” jury system is put in place. Map of Ancient Greece • On your map label: Athens, Sparta, Argos, Megara, Corinth and Olympia Athenian Democracy • As you watch the DVD on Athenian Democracy answer the following questions: • In 508 BC for the first time in recorded history what happened in Athens? • What problem did Cleisthenes face and what did he do? • How often did the National Assembly meet and what did they discuss? Decline of Greek Civilization • Greek colonies stretched from modern Turkey to Spain • Between 431-404 BC the Greeks fought one another in the Peloponnesian Wars • Athenian democracy is overthrown • As Greece weakened a powerful republic developed in Rome Rome from Kingdom to Republic • Rome was a monarchy during the early days of its foundation • In 509 BC the Romans replaced the monarchy with a Republic • Public affairs controlled by the Consuls & Senate Roman Empire Map From Republic to Empire • By the middle of the second century BC Rome’s influence had spread across the Mediterranean • Expansion of the Republic leads to internal conflict & civil war breaks out • In 46 BC Julius Caesar declared himself dictator of Rome • So ends any attempt at Democracy for the next 1200 years!