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Classical Greece Two Centuries of Thought, Drama, Art, and War 5th Century Classical Attic Tragedy Major form of Greek poetry Submitted to archon Publicly funded-literally Most performed in the theater of Dionysus (God) Made people think about issues of the day Almost always chosen from mythology Old Comedy Mostly political comedies/satires Like Colbert Report or Daily Show today Architecture and Sculpture Pericles Undertook extensive building program on the Acropolis Representation of the Greatness and power of Athens Parthenon Theaters Temples Not military, but civilization Columns Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Philosophy/History Atomists World consists of tiny, solid, indivisible, unchangeable particles Sophists Traveled and were paid to teach Law was a creation, not part of nature When joined they create colors and shapes (i.e. what we see How does this fit with the idea of the polis? History Herodotus-Persian War used evidence of legends and oracles-reliable? Thucydides-Peloponnesian War Much more scientific in his appraoch 4th Century Classical Internal and external strife evident in works Class conflict Professionalism in the military Reduction in citizenship population Increased resident alien population Drama/Art Turn away from polis and exploration of the individual self Daily life now the subject Menander Domestic tragicomedy Like modern day sitcoms Everything will work out in the end Sculpture Away from the ideal to the real Amphitheater Philosophy Socrates-469-399 bce Search for truth about human affairs Questioned and at times condemned democracy Individualism 399 bce All got him into a lot of trouble Condemned to death for bringing new gods into the city More importantly his ideas and teaching blamed for Athenian loss in Peloponnesian War Drinks the Hemlock Believed in the Polis Philosophy Con’t The Cynic School Diogenes of Sinope-400-325 Kosmopolites- citizen of the world not the polis Satisfication in natural needs Not natural is not indecent Ridiculed religious observations Plato-429-347 bce Student of Socrates Provides the only documentation of Socrates’ teaching 360-founded the academy that last until 6th century ce Believed in the virtues of the polis Search for goodness Aristotle- 384-322 bce 336 bc- Lyceum Gathering, ordering, and analyzing human knowledge Teleological Purpose went beyond the individual human being The good life Moderate wealth, comfort and pleasure The importance of the middle-class Rich-=arrogant Poor-=malice Middle=class- stability Defender of the polis Peloponnesian War Dilean League Causes Civil War on Epidamnus Corinth-ally of Sparta Corcyra- allied with Athens Also had 2nd largest fleet in Agean Broke 30 years peace after first war 432 bce- Spartans meet to consider situation Athens (by now an empire) seen as threat to enslave all of Greece Vote for war Con’t Spartans Strategy Invade, threaten crops, engaged in hoplite battle, and win. Athenian strategy Allow destruction of land Show Sparta they could not hurt Athens Use Navy on Peloponnesian League allies Force them to urge Sparta to sue for peace 429 bce Confined and lack of food creates famine Pericles die Athens Rise Cleon takes power More aggressive tactics Spartan sue for peace, but Athens continues war Try to take Megara and Broetia-fail 423 bce truce Brasidas Takes Spartan Army to Thrace and Macedonia 422 bce-Cleon meets with his own army Both men die 421 bce- Peace of Nicias Athens Fall Peace never held Neither side carried out commitments Failure of ratification 415 bce Athenian attack on Sicily Persians join with alliance with Sparta 405 bce- Athenian fleet destroyed at Aegospotami 413 bce- end in failure and naval weakness Could not rebuild another Lysander Cuts off food supply at Hellespont 404 bce- Athens starved into submission Installs oligarchic state in Athens- Thirty Tyrants Power shifts Sparta a weak empire War with Persia over Asia minor costly Persians support Thebes Corinthian War- 395-387 bce Sparta falls, Thebes in power Results Athenians and Peloponnesian coalition rise up Thebes falls from power Revolts forces Athens to abandon most of empire