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Quaestio: Was Herodotus the Father of History or the Father of Lies? Nunc Agenda: Take out your Three Battles worksheet from yesterday. Three Major Battles • Marathon – After the Ionian Revolt, Darius sent ships and troops Marathon, 26 miles N of Athens – Outnumbered (20,000 to 9,000!), Athenians went to Marathon to stop Persians before reaching Athens – Athenians had only infantry (foot soldiers) – Persians had cavalry (horse-back soldiers) – Persian plan: Take the cavalry on ships to attack Athens (only infantry left) – Athenian hoplites attack remaining Persians and crush them! Three Major Battles • Thermopylae – Darius dies, son Xerxes = new ruler, want to conquer all Greece – 250,000 PERSIAN SOLDIERS marched down from N Greece conquering poleis – Spartans met Persians at Thermopylae, a narrow path on the side of a mountain – Even though there were so many Persians, the narrowness of the path made the Persian numbers meaningless – Then, a Greek traitor showed the Persians a secret path to attack the Persians, and they lost Three Major Battles • Salamis – Athenians fled to Island of Salamis, and Persians destroyed Athens – Athenian General Themisticles convinced other Greeks to help them fight the Persians together – The Plan: Lure the Persian ships into a narrow channel where it would be hard to sail their big ships and their numbers would not matter (JUST LIKE WITH THERMOPYLAE!) – Themisticles sent a message to Xerxes saying he wanted to join forces, and when Persian ships entered the channel, the Greeks surprise attacked – Spartans on land killed Persians who swam to shore – 479 BCE- Greeks finally defeat the Persians! Greeks win! Now what? • PENSA: Read the Peloponnesian War handout and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Guided Mini-Seminar • Working in pairs, read the excerpts from Herodotus and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. • When everyone has had time to analyze the selections, the class will use examples to discuss the topic: –“Herodotus: Father of History or Father of Lies?”