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Transcript
Persian Wars 490BCE- 479 BCE The Persians • We know most about the Persians from a Greek historian, Herodotus. – “Father of history” • Expanded around 540 B.C. • Conquered Mesopotamia, Egypt & Indus Valley! – They were actually pretty nice rulers… – Taxes were pretty low – Didn’t turn captured people into slaves! • Zoroastriansm – Monotheism! (1 God) – But, they didn’t make you change your religion… Who Fought? • The Persians Fought against the Greeks –Persia was ruled by Darius and Xerxes –Greeks - Athenians, Spartans, Ionians Why did the Persians invade Greece? • In 519 B.C. the Persians conquered the Ionian Greeks. • In 499 B.C. the Ionian Greeks asked the mainland Greeks to help them rebel against the Persians. • He raised taxes. • Athens sent warships!! • Couldn’t defeat Persians! • The made the Persian King, Darius, very angry with Greece. AGH! Those Greeks will pay for this We’re on the way Help! Sooo… • Darius wanted revenge on Athenians for helping so attacked mainland Greece. Major Battles 1. Battle at Eretria– City north of Athens was burned by the Persians –Angered, Athens asks Sparta for help. • THIS IS SPARTAAAA! Right? Major Battles 2. Battle of Marathon: Sparta and Athens work together – Persia- 25,000 soldiers –Greeks- 10,000 soldiers • Phalanx battle formation gave the Greeks the victory • 6,400 Persians died • 192 Greeks died The Battle of Marathon •In 490 B.C. Darius sent 600 ships and thousands of soldiers to invade Greece. He wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the rebels. Persian Empire Athens Sparta Marathon Phalanx Formation Pheidippides • Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26.2 miles • Told them of the victory “Rejoice, we conquer” • Died after giving the news • Marathon’s today are how long?? Part 2: Persian War • 10 years later… • Xerxes, son of Darius vowed revenge. • Brought between 100,000-300,000 troops through a narrow mountain pass. Battle at Thermopylae • Persians make their way into Greece!! • 3,300 Greeks, led by the Spartans held them off at that narrow pass in Thermopylae. The Battle of Thermopylae • Spartan force: 300 men • King Leonidas, guarded the mountain pass of Thermopylae. • Held out for 3 days!! • They were betrayed!! • Someone told the Persians how to get in behind the army. • They were defeated, but won valuable time for the rest of the Greeks. Battle at Salamis • Athens is evacuated and fought at sea. • Athenians had a powerful navy • Greeks fought with new ships called Trireme. – Triremes punched holes in Persian ships and sink a third of the ships. Trireme Battle of Plataea • While Athens crushed the Persians at Sea, Spartans were on the plain of Plataea and crushes the rest of the Persian army • Xerxes retreats Battle Summary: Greeks 3 – Persians 3 Battle Winner Ionia Persia Eretria Persia Marathon Greece Thermopylae Persia Salamis Greece Plataea Greece Effects of the Persian Wars • Greece victory creates a sense of unity • Athens had control of what was left of Greece through leadership of the Delian League. • Delian League- an agreement that the remaining Greek city states would help each other Athens in the Age of Pericles • The wise and skillful leadership of Pericles brought about a Golden age in Athens. • This was from about 460 to 429 B.C. and is often called the “Age of Pericles” or “The Golden Age of Greece” •Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis and turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece. Greek against Greek • Many Greeks resented the Athenian domination. Citystates split. • To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League. • Sparta encouraged an Oligarchy in the states of the Peloponnesian League, and Athens supported democracy. • A 27 year war broke out in 431 B.C. engulfing all of Greece The Peloponnesian War!!! Crash Course https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Q-mkVSasZIM