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WORLD HISTORY
Chapter 5
Golden Age
480-430 BC
Government

Pericles—Athenian Leader
– Assembly leader
– Paid officials
– Navy
– Beautified Athens
– Parthenon
Art

Parthenon
– Built by Phidias
– Held Athena, goddess of wisdom and protector
of Athens
– Emotionless & serene features

Classical art: valued order, balance and
proportion
– Public buildings, not private homes
– Influence in America
Parthenon
Parthenon at night
Drama
Greek invention
 Civic Duty
 Amphitheater
 Playwrights: Aeschylus & Sophocles
 Chanted, masks
 Tragedy: strength led to pride which
led to downfall

Amphitheatre
Lifestyles
Simple, mud-brick dwellings
 Vases for wine and olive oil
 Small shopkeepers and artisans
 Women covered faces and had
designated areas

Peloponnesian War 431 BC
Sparta marched into Athens in 431
BC
 Thucydides, History of the
Peloponnesian War
 Sparta burns farms and Athens
retreats into city walls
 Plague during 2nd year of war; 1/3 die

Peloponnesian War cont.
415 BC Athens sends huge fleet to
Syracuse, Sparta’s largest ally
 Defeated!!
 404 BC Athens surrenders
 Destroyed confidence, danger of
speaking out
 Aristophanes, first comedies

Philosophy
“one who loves wisdom”
 Based their questioning on:

– 1) assumed that the universe was put
together in an orderly way
– 2) assumed that people could
understand these laws through reason.
Socrates
Athenian soldier and stonecutter
 Socratic method
 Age 70, brought to trial for
“corrupting the youth of Athens” and
failing to honor the gods of Athens
 Guilty, poison hemlock

Plato
Visited Socrates in prison
 Very wealthy
 Convinced by Socrates death that
average citizens in a democracy were
unable to govern wisely
 Began the Academy
 Wrote The Republic…3 basic groups

Aristotle
Plato’s student
 Physician’s son
 Syllogism: held that every truth
followed from other truths, could not
skip a step
A=B
B=C
A=C

Alexander the Great
Hellenism

Alexandria
– Museum
– Library

Astronomy and Literature
– Aristarchus…sun 300x larger than the earth
– Ptolomy…earth at center of solar system
– Eratosthenes…earth’s circumference around 25,000
miles

Math and Physics
– Euclid…geometry, Elements book of proofs
– Archimedes…value of pi, circumference of a circle,
levers

Decline
– 150 BC
– Rome gaining strength