Download Democracy and Greece`s Golden Age

Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Section 3
p. 120-125
1. Pericles had three goals for Athens. Goal 1 stronger democracy. By increasing the number of
paid public officials, even poor people could afford to serve in the government.
2, Direct Democracy is a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through
representatives.
3. Goal 2 strengthen the Athenian Empire. He used money from the Delian League to build
Athens’
Navy. Overseas trade made Athens prosperous
4. Goal 3 Glorifying Athens, he used money from the Delian League to buy gold, ivory, and
marble.
5. The Parthenon is considered the ideal classical Greek building. A statue of Athena was inside
the Parthenon. It
was 38 feet tall and covered with gold and precious gems. It was sculpted by Phidias, Greece’s
most famous sculptor.
6. The Greeks invented drama. Plays were an expression of civic pride and a tribute to the
gods. A tragedy is a drama with a tragic hero who faces a dilemma, a choice between two
negative outcomes. The hero has a tragic flaw, often hubris, or excessive pride.
8. Aeschylus wrote more than 80 plays. The Oresteia is based on the family of Agamemnon.
Sophocles wrote about 100 plays including “Oedipus the King” and Antigone. Aristophanes wrote
the first great comedies for the stage.
9. The Peloponnesian war started when Sparta declared war on Athens in 431 BCE
Athens has a powerful navy, but Sparta could not be attacked easily from sea.
10. During the Peloponnesian War. Pericles’ strategy was to avoid land battles with the superior
Spartan army and wait for opportunity to attack Sparta from the sea.
11. A plague hits Athens in the second year of the war. 1/3rd to 2/3rd of the population
(including Pericles) were killed by the plague.
12. Athens surrendered nine years later. Sparta had won the Peloponnesian War.
13. The term philosopher means “lover of wisdom”.
14. The Sophists questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and ideas about justice and traditional
values.
15. Socrates criticized the Sophists. He argued that there are universal standards for truth and
justice.
He encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character. In 399 BC when
Socrates was 70 years old he was charged with “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting
the city’s gods”. He was convicted by a jury and sentenced to death. He was forced to drink
hemlock poison.
16. Plato was a student of Socrates. He wrote down conversations with Socrates and his most
famous work “The Republic”, his vision of a perfectly governed society. The person with the
greatest insight and intellect from the ruling class would be chosen philosopher-king.
17. Aristotle questioned the nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge. He
tried to summarize all of the knowledge of the world up to his time and invented rules of logic.
He applied logic to psychology, physics, and biology.
18. Alexander the Great was Aristotle’s Famous Student. When King Philip of Macedon was
assassinated he became