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Oracle Applications 11i Concepts II Brian Hitchcock OCP 11i DBA -- OCP 10g DBA Sun Microsystems [email protected] [email protected] Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 www.brianhitchcock.net Page 1 Presentation is Available www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 2 Contents Oracle Applications Concepts I – – – – – What is Oracle Applications? 11i Architecture Oracle Application Tiers Login to Oracle Applications Online Oracle Application environments Oracle Applications Concepts II – – – – – 11i Applications Filesystem Applications DBA utilities Database DBA vs 11i DBA Backups Resources www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 3 Focus Generic Oracle Applications concepts Not tied to specific installation(s) Provide background for how Apps works Help with support tasks in general Technical – – how it works how to make it go www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 4 11i Applications File System $APPL_TOP – – – Top directory for all Oracle Application software Contains $PROD_TOP for each product Applications patches make changes in APPL_TOP Environment variables setup at login – Environment files Can be shared (shared APPL_TOP) – – – – NFS mounted filesystem Shared by two or more application tier servers Apply patches once for all application tiers Single point of failure www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 5 11i Applications File System Home directory of applmgr UNIX user – APPL_TOP Contains product directories – ORA_TOP 8.0.6 Forms - ORACLE_HOME for forms server iAS Web Server (Apache) - ORACLE_HOME for web server – COMMON_TOP Directories/files used across products www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 6 11i Database File System Database has – ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOME for database Database software – /oradata01-05 Database tablespace datafiles Three ORACLE_HOMES – When applying applications patches Patch applied in 8.0.6 ORACLE_HOME www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 7 Environment Files Many pieces of software All need to be configured Many environment variables to be setup How is this done? – – – Overall configuration file <context>.xml Context is <SID>_<hostname> Stored in $APPL_TOP/admin Multiple environment files sourced at login Stored in $APPL_TOP APPSORA.env – calls other environment files www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 8 OS Users Can install with single OS user We use two – – UNIX user ‘oracle’ UNIX user ‘applmgr’ Note that ‘applmgr’ is used in Oracle docs – – Refers to the application code owner Will be different for other installations www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 9 11i AutoConfig Many configuration files – Changes required manually editing multiple files Tedious, error prone Autoconfig utility – – – – Automates most configuration tasks Make changes to context file Execute autoconfig Changes propagated to configuration files Doesn’t handle customizations – May overwrite non-standard modifications www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 10 11i Cloning Create exact copy of applications environment – – Database Application software More involved than just a copy of database Multiple steps – – Somewhat automated Rapid clone utility www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 11 11i Patching Never ending process Applications patches applied with adpatch – – – Some database patches applied with opatch Must be in maintenance mode to apply patch (11.5.10) Patch can’t be removed Only recourse is to recover from filesystem backups Patches change product software Patches change database objects Applied patches recorded in database – – Database must be running while patch applied Applications tier processes down while patching www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 12 11i Applications Manager GUI tool for managing environment What can it do? – – – – – Show patches applied Show impact of new patches Performance metrics Monitor security Configure environment Edit context file, run autoconfig www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 13 Database DBA vs 11i DBA Users – – Oracle Database Users Access database (SQL*Plus, etc) Have specific privileges on database objects Stored in DBA_USERS table Oracle Application Users Don’t access the database directly Don’t have privileges on database objects Have responsibilities in Oracle Applications Access db through APPS db user - Access limited by responsibilities Stored in FND_USER table www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 14 Database DBA vs 11i DBA Administrator – Database SYS, SYSTEM, db user with DBA role – Oracle Applications SYSADMIN User with System Administrator responsibility www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 15 Database DBA vs 11i DBA Privileges vs Responsibilities Database privileges – – Granted on specific db objects Granted to specific db users or roles Oracle Applications responsibilities – – – Assigned to Oracle Applications users Allow access to groups of db objects Access is through APPS db user www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 16 Database DBA vs 11i DBA Users and responsibilities Oracle database users and privileges – Can be dropped (removed) Oracle Applications users – Can’t be removed, only ‘end-dated’ When created, user has start and end date Oracle Applications user responsibility – Can’t be removed, only ‘end-dated’ When assigned, responsibility has start/end dates www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 17 Database DBA vs 11i DBA Multiple ORACLE_HOMEs For database DBA – Single ORACLE_HOME For Oracle Applications – Three ORACLE_HOMEs Database 8.0.6 for Oracle Forms iAS Web Server (Apache) www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 18 Backups How can this be complicated? Database backups well defined – – – Copy all database datafiles (*.dbf files) Copy init.ora, tnsnames.ora etc. Copy archived redo logs if needed (hot db backup) Oracle Applications environment backup – – Database Application software tree www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 19 Backups Complete cold backup – – Most conservative, most downtime Single tier Shutdown application tier processes (servers) Shutdown database and database listener Copy all filesystems to tape – Multi-tier Shutdown all tiers Backup all filesystems on all tiers to tape www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 20 Backups Hot backup – version 1 – – No downtime, some risk Single tier Application/db tier processes are running Hot db backup to disk Copy all filesystems to tape – Multi-tier Hot db backup to disk Copy all filesystems to tape for all tiers www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 21 Backups Hot backup – version 1 issues – – – Assumes application code tree is static Assumes configuration static Log files may be lost Generated during tape backup – Database can be recovered to point of failure Restore backup files, apply redo logs – Applications code tree recovered to latest tapes No equivalent to database archived redo logs www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 22 Backups Hot backup – version 2 – – No downtime, more risk Single tier Application/db tier processes are running Hot db backup to disk Copy only db backup files to tape – Multi-tier Hot db backup to disk Copy only db backup files to tape www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 23 Backups Hot backup – version 2 issues – – – Same as for version 1 Over longer time Applications file system recovery Back to most recent tape backup Out of synch with db backup – Is this acceptable recovery? www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 24 Backups – DR Systems How to keep DR system in synch? – Database Apply redo logs from primary Keep DR database up with primary db – Applications code tree No equivalent to database redo logs Need to refresh DR code tree from primary - How to do this? - How often to do this? - How far behind db can code tree for DR? www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 25 Resources Oracle Documents – Oracle Technology Network -- otn.oracle.com Oracle Technical Support – Metalink -- metalink.oracle.com Oracle online training – www.oracle.com/education/oln Oracle University training – education.oracle.com Solution Beacon – Oracle Applications Environments Books www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 26 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 27 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 28 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 29 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 30 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 31 Oracle Documents www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 32 Documentation Technical Overview – Oracle Applications Concepts Release 11i (11.5.10.2) Part No. B19295-03 – Available at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B25516_18/cu rrent/acrobat/11iconcepts.pdf www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 33 Oracle Technical Support www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 34 Oracle Technical Support www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 35 Oracle Technical Support www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 36 Oracle Online Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 37 Oracle Online Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 38 Oracle Online Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 39 Oracle Online Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 40 Oracle Online Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 41 Oracle University Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 42 Oracle University Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 43 Oracle University Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 44 Oracle University Training www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 45 Oracle 11i Books www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 46 Oracle 11i Books www.brianhitchcock.net Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 47