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Doug Cackett RTS Incorporated Remote DBA Services RTS Inc. Topics of Discussion • Installing Oracle10g • Upgrading to Oracle10g • New Features of Oracle10g RTS Inc. Installing Oracle 10g RTS Inc. Startup the OUI RTS Inc. File Locations RTS Inc. Loading product list ……. RTS Inc. Installation Type RTS Inc. Select Database RTS Inc. Database Options RTS Inc. Enterprise Manager Option RTS Inc. Datafile Storage RTS Inc. Backup and Recovery Option RTS Inc. Passwords RTS Inc. Installation Summary RTS Inc. Installing ….. RTS Inc. That’s it….. RTS Inc. End … Links and info RTS Inc. Upgrading to Oracle Database 10g RTS Inc. Database 10g Upgrade Enhancements • Analysis of database before upgrade to increase likelihood of successful upgrade • Pre upgrade information tool • Upgrade Performance Enhancement • Parallel recompilation of invalid pl/sql database objects on multiprocessor CPUs • Verification of database upgrade • Post upgrade status tool RTS Inc. Reduced Complexity • Automaticly determines what components (e.g. Java, Spatial…) need to be upgraded and then performs all necessary upgrades in correct dependency order • All components in DBMS_REGISTRY • Prior to Oracle Database 10g, much of the component script invocation was manual RTS Inc. Reduced Complexity • One measure of simplicity: Database Upgrade Guide documentation size is decreasing dramatically: • 8i 512 pages • 9i 484 pages – 111 steps total for RDBMS with all 9 components! • 9iR2 344 pages • 10g 230 pages - 6 steps! RTS Inc. Prepare to Upgrade • Become familiar with the features of the new Oracle Database 10g release • Determine the Upgrade Path to the new release • Choose an upgrade Method • Choose an Oracle Home Directory • Prepare a Backup Strategy • Develop a test plan RTS Inc. 10g Upgrade Paths • Direct upgrade from 9iR2 (9.2.0), 9i (9.0.1), 8i (8.1.7), 8.0.6 • If you are not at one of these versions you need to perform a “double-hop” Upgrade • E.g. 8.1.5 -> 8.1.7 -> 10.1.0 • 7.3.4 -> 9.2.0 -> 10.1.0 RTS Inc. Choose an Upgrade Method • Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) • The Database Upgrade Assistant is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool that interactively steps the user through the upgrade process and configures the database to run with the new Oracle Database 10g release. • Manual Upgrade • A manual upgrade consists of running SQL scripts and utilities from the command line RTS Inc. Advantages of DBUA • Performs all necessary steps for the upgrade • Interacts with the DBA if decisions need to be made • Provides complete HTML report of the upgrade process • Significantly reduces database downtime RTS Inc. Manual Upgrade Advantages & Disadvantages • Advantage: • Gives the DBA finer control over the upgrade process • Disadvantage: • More work • More error prone RTS Inc. Pre Upgrade Analysis (Auto) script: utlu101i.sql Checks for certain known database, init.ora, etc settings that may cause upgrade to fail, and generates warnings i.e. shared_pool_size init.ora parameter is too low • Utility runs in “old server” & “old database” context • Based on database knowledge & needs of Oracle Database 10g • DBUA automatically performs any required actions RTS Inc. Pre Upgrade Analysis • • • • • • • Database version and compatibility Redo logs <4MB Updated Parameters e.g. shared_pool_size Deprecated (renamed) parameters Obsolete parameters Cluster check Account Check RTS Inc. Pre Upgrade Analysis • Names of Components in database e.g. JVM, Spatial, etc • Tablespaces • Increase in size recommendations • New SYSAUX tablespace • Character set incompatibilities • Installed options • Upgrade time estimate RTS Inc. Key DBUA Features • The Assistant automates the upgrade process by performing all the tasks you normally accomplish manually • Invokes the Pre Upgrade Information Utility and automatically makes appropriate adjustments (including tablespace, redo logs, etc) • Checks for adequate resources (disk space, rollback segments) • Creates mandatory tablespace SYSAUX • Optionally, backs up all necessary files. • Creates new configuration files (init.ora, spfile, listener) in the new Oracle home RTS Inc. Key DBUA Features • During the upgrade process, the DBUA: • Runs all necessary scripts (pre-upgrade information utility, “u” script, post upgrade status utility) • Shows upgrade progress • Write detailed trace and logging files RTS Inc. Key DBUA Features • Settings during upgrade • DBUA disables archiving during upgrade phase • Security features • DBUA locks new users in the upgraded database • RAC-DBUA • RAC-DBUA facilitates upgrade of 8.1.7, 9.0.1, 9.2 to 10.1.0 • Upgrade done on the cluster. All database and configuration files are upgraded on all the nodes in the cluster. RTS Inc. Key DBUA Features • Silent mode for single command upgrade i.e. dbua –silent –sid ora9idb [-backup <location>] RTS Inc. Welcome Screen RTS Inc. Select the database to upgrade RTS Inc. Tablespace RTS Inc. Log Files RTS Inc. Create SYSAUX Tablespace RTS Inc. Parallel Recompilation RTS Inc. Database Backup RTS Inc. Pre-Upgrade Summary Page RTS Inc. Upgrade Progress RTS Inc. Upgrade Results RTS Inc. Manual Upgrade • Install Oracle Database 10g • Analyze the existing database using preupgrade information tool • @?/rdbms/admin/utlu101i.sql • Make necessary adjustments based on feedback Shutdown database Take a backup Switch to New Oracle Home Startup Database SQL> startup upgrade RTS Inc. Manual Upgrade • Create SYSAUX tablespace • Invoke the proper upgrade “u” script • SQL> @rdbms/admin/u0801070.sql Shutdown database Startup database Run utlrp SQL>@rdbms/admin/utlrp Check upgrade status using post upgrade status tool SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlu101s.sql RTS Inc. Upgrade Validation “STARTUP UPGRADE” mode will suppress certain spurious and unnecessary errors • Catch and handle ORA-00942 on DROP TABLE • Automatically handles setting parameters that can cause problems during upgrade • DBMS_REGISTRY package and dictionary view used to record and manage information about all the component upgrades, for example: SQL> select ... from dba_registry; COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS ------- ---------------------- -----------CATALOG Oracle10g Catalog Views 10.1.0.1.0 VALID RTS Inc. Upgrade Validation • New “Post Upgrade Status Utility” script utlu101s.sql • Queries component REGISTRY to determine upgrade status • Provides information about invalid/incorrect component upgrades • Provides script name to re-run if necessary • DBUA calls this script to display status and then takes corrective action RTS Inc. 10g New Features - Sampling RTS Inc. Online Segment Shrink • Can be recommended by Segment Advisor TABLE HEADER 10111101 11001101 10101111 11101101 00001101 11001101 00001101 10111101 01010101 11011010 High Water Mark Free Space • alter table enable row movement; • alter table t1 shrink space [compact] cascade; TABLE HEADER 11001101 10101111 11101101 00001101 11001101 10101111 11101101 00001101 11001101 00001101 High Water Mark Free Space RTS Inc. Rename Tablespace • Useful in Transportable Tablespace scenarios • ALTER TABLESPACE prod RENAME to arc1; • Can’t rename SYSTEM or SYSAUX • Tablespace and all datafiles must be online • Can also rename READ ONLY tablespaces PROD ARC1 RTS Inc. Bigfile Tablespaces • Support for sizes up to 8 Exabytes! • 8 000 000 Terabytes • Max 65535 files in database • SYSTEM & SYSAUX can’t be bigfile tablespaces 8 000 000 000 000 000 000 bytes • CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/data/bigtbs01.dbf‘ SIZE 50G EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO; RTS Inc. Temporary Tablespace Groups • Can create several temporary tablespaces and assign them to a tablespace group • Can assign the tablespace group as users temporary tablespace • Parallel Query and Parallel execution slaves can spread temporary segments on different tablespaces • alter tablespace temp1 tablespace group t; • create temporary tablespace temp2 tempfile 'temp2_01.dbf' size 100m tablespace group t; • alter tablespace temp1 tablespace group ''; RTS Inc. Data Pump • A server-managed data transportation tool • Direct load/extract capabilities • Very high performance/efficient with large data Data sets Pump Client Data • Replacement for exp/imp Pump • old exp/imp remain supported Data Warehouse Data Pump Client Data Pump PROD RTS Inc. Data Pump • • • • Commands expdp/impdp Dynamic configuration, resumable operations Client can detach and reconnect Can be parallelized using PARALLEL • Even loads to/from external text files • Parallelization level can be changed on the fly for long running jobs • Monitored through DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS RTS Inc. Intelligent Management • Built-in Intelligent Management Application & SQL Management Storage Management Backup & Recovery Database Management Management System Resource Management Space Management • Tune (Automatic Workload Repository) • Fix (Automatic Maintenance Tasks) • Alert (Server-Generated Alerts) • Advise (Advisory Infrastructure) Intelligent Infrastructure RTS Inc. Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) • Advisory Infrastructure Server-generated Alert Infrastructure Automatic Maintenance Task Infrastructure Automatic Workload Repository • • • • Automatically collect and compute important statistics, SQL workload, feature usage Direct memory access Periodically flush snapshots to disk Base-lining capability Primarily build for automating internal components STATISTICS_LEVEL=TYPICAL RTS Inc. Automatic Workload Repository ADDM finds top problems MMON SYSAUX WR Schema 7:00am In memory statistics Snapshot 1 7:30am Snapshot 2 8:00am Snapshot 3 8:30am Snapshot 4 SGA 8:30am RTS Inc. Oracle10G System Management – Automatic SGA Management Online Users Buffer Cache Large Batch Jobs Buffer Cache Large Pool Large Pool SQL Cache SQL Cache Java Pool sort SGA Pool PGA Pool •Only 2 memory parameters •Advisor helps set parameters •Automatically resizes with changes in workload •Maximize usage of available memory Java Pool sort RTS Inc. Flashback Error Correction Database Customer • Recovery at all levels • Database Level • Flashback Database restores the whole database to time • Uses Flashback Logs • Table Level Order • Flashback Table restores rows in a set of tables to time • Uses UNDO in database • Flashback Drop restores a dropped table or a index • Recycle bin for DROPs • Row Level • Restore individual rows • Uses Flashback Query RTS Inc. FlashBack Database • Flash Recovery Area must be configured • Flashback logs are stored there • Consisting of old database block images • Fast “rollback” of database, no redologs required Server Process Server Process DB Server Process Flashback Log RTS Inc. FlashBack Database Configuration parameters: • DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST • DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE • DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET Commands: • ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON; • ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK OFF; • ALTER TABLESPACE test1 FLASHBACK OFF; • ALTER TABLESPACE test1 FLASHBACK ON; RTS Inc. FlashBack Options Flashback Query: • exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(…); • select * from table; • exec dbms_flashback.disable; • select * from table AS OF timestamp ‘…’; Flashback Table: • FLASHBACK TABLE t1 TO SCN 12345; • FLASHBACK TABLE t1 TO TIMESTAMP '2003-03-03 12:05:00'; RTS Inc. Flashback Row History SELECT versions_xid XID, versions_startscn START_SCN, versions_endscn END_SCN, versions_operation OPERATION, empname, salary FROM hr.employees_demo VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE where empno = 111; XID START_SCN END_SCN OPERATION EMPNAME SALARY --- --------- ------- --------- ------- -----0004000700000058 113855 I Tom 927 000200030000002D 113564 D Mike 555 000200030000002E 112670 113564 I Mike 555 3 rows selected • Useful for auditing RTS Inc. Flashback Transaction History select xid, start_scn, commit_scn, operation, undo_sql, table_name from dba_transaction_query where xid = ’000200030000002D’; XID START_SCN COMMIT_SCN OPERATION UNDO_SQL --- --------- ---------- --------- -----------------------000200030000002D 112670 113565 D insert into "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO","EMPNAME","SALARY") values ('111','Mike','655') 000200030000002D 112670 113565 I delete from "SCOTT"."DEPT" where "DEPTNO" = '20' and "DEPTNAME" = 'Finance' 000200030000002D 112670 113565 D update “SCOTT”.”EMP” set “SALARY” = ‘555’ where “EMPNO” = ‘111’ and ”EMPNAME” = ‘Mike’ and “SALARY” RTS Inc. Table Recovery using Flashback • DROP TABLE X; • Table is renamed internally, not dropped • Indexes & other structures remain • Table is purged when out of free space or quota • SELECT * FROM RECYCLEBIN; • Systemwide recyclebin DBA_RECYCLEBIN • Or show recyclebin command in sqlplus • FLASHBACK TABLE RB$$3560$TABLE$1 TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO scott.emp; • PURGE RECYCLEBIN; • DROP TABLE X PURGE; RTS Inc. ASM Architecture RAC or Non–RAC Databases Clustered Servers ASM Instance ASM Instance ASM Instance Oracle DB Instance Oracle DB Instance Oracle DB Instance ASM Instance Oracle DB Instance Oracle DB Instance Clustered Pool of Storage RTS Inc. QUESTIONS ANSWERS RTS Inc.