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Transcript
Chapter 1 Databases Introduction The content 1).Database Application 2).Database concept 3).An example of database 4).Function of DBMS 5).DBMS product Difficulty: the function of DBMS Focus on: the concept of DBMS Hours:2 hours Teaching way: ppt Database Application Databases touch all aspects of our lives Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions Database concept 1) Data Used to describe the world. can be recorded and have implicit meaning. Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numerical numbers, letters, text, image, sound, video and etc. Data can be stored ,processed, transmitted. Example: (Tom,male,1992,Chang Sha,computer specialty, 2010) Database concept 2) Database it’s nothing more than a collection of related data that exists over a long period of time. Student table index name age gender major year 95004 Lily 19 f 95 95006 Tom 20 m 95008 Lucy 18 f comput er medicin e law … … … … … … 95 95 Example of Data and Database Sizes of Database Personal database Workgroup database 1 user; < 10 MB < 25 users; < 100 MB Organizational database Hundreds to thousands users >1 Trillion bytes, possibly several databases Database concept 3) DBMS A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, protect,manage and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. DBMS functionality Definition Define a database involves defining the data types, structures, and constraints for the data to be stored in the database. Manipulation Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the miniworld Sharing Sharing a database allows multiple users and programs to access the database concurrently. DBMS functionality Protection includes both system protection against hardware or software malfunction (or crashes), and security protection against unauthorized or malicious access. Maintenance Such as inputting and transferring of Data, DB backup and recovery, performance monitoring, audit and analysis etc. Database System (DBS) 4) Database System (DBS). DB, DBMS, Development Tools, DB applications, DB Administrator (DBA) and users User User Application Systems DB applications Developing Tools Developing Tools DBMS, Compiling System Operating System DBMS DBA Hardware OS DBMS in Computer System DB A simplified database system environme nt. A specific example A database that stores student and course information. A specific example A database that stores student and course information. A specific example A database that stores student and course information. A specific example Two views derived from the database in Figure (a) The STUDENT TRANSCRIPT view. (b) The COURSE PREREQUISITES view. 3 DBMS Product VFP、 ACCES S MYSQL、 ORACL HOSTS E QL SQL SERVE R SYSBAS E INFOR MIX INGRE DB2 S OS DOS WIN98 Linux all window s all all all comp any MS ORACL E MS SYSBAS E inform ix time 80’s 90’s 1979 1994 1987 1988 1975 capac ity usual usual good good good good good AS/40 0 IBM good The DBMS Marketplace Relational DBMS companies – Oracle, Sybase – are among the largest software companies in the world. IBM offers its relational DB2 system. With IMS, a nonrelational system, IBM is by some accounts the largest DBMS vendor in the world. Microsoft offers SQL-Server, plus Microsoft Access for the cheap DBMS on the desktop, answered by “lite” systems from other competitors. Relational companies also challenged by “object-oriented DB” companies. But countered with “object-relational” systems, which retain the relational core while allowing type extension as in OO systems. Summary From this lecture you can learn the basic concept of database such as DB,DBS,DBMS and the differences between them ,the function of DBMS and the history of data processing and via an example you can master these concept better. Any Questions? If there are any outstanding questions you can ask me one-to-one after the lecture OR privately in my office. Exercises What are the definitions of data ,DB,DBMS,DBS,DBA? Go to search the internet and find out the tendency of database. Learn MS Access by yourself.