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Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
• Describe the benefits of Perl
• Explain the role of the Perl interpreter
• Identify the characteristics of Perl’s basic
syntax
• Describe the use of the print function
• Create and execute a simple Perl script
• Define scalar variables
• Use scalar variables to manipulate numerical
and string data
• Use expression operators
• Retrieve data from STDIN
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Practical Extracting
and Reporting Language
• Why use Perl?
– Innate flexibility
– Simple syntax
– Relaxed compiler instructions
– Free
Perl Specialist
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Getting Started with Perl
• The shebang line
• Creating a simple Perl script
Perl Specialist
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Scalar and Numerical Variables
• Assignment
• Expressions
Perl Specialist
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String Variables
• Second type of scalar variable
• The print function
Perl Specialist
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Retrieving Data from STDIN
• The chomp() function
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary
 Describe the benefits of Perl
 Explain the role of the Perl interpreter
 Identify the characteristics of Perl’s basic
syntax
 Describe the use of the print function
 Create and execute a simple Perl script
 Define scalar variables
 Use scalar variables to manipulate numerical
and string data
 Use expression operators
 Retrieve data from STDIN
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 2:
Flow Control in Perl
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Objectives
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Evaluate Boolean expressions
Construct an if statement
Discuss else and elsif branches
Construct a while loop
Construct a do {} while loop
Construct a for loop
Use loop labels
Describe the I/O redirection paradigm
Perl Specialist
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Boolean Expressions in Perl
• Numeric Boolean expressions
• String Boolean expressions
• Logical operators
Perl Specialist
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The if Statement
• The else branch
• The elsif branch
Perl Specialist
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The while Statement
• Second type of control structure
• Defines a block of code that will be executed
repeatedly as long as some Boolean
expression evaluates as true
Perl Specialist
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The do { } while Statement
• Similar to the while loop except that the
condition is not evaluated until the code
block has already been executed once
Perl Specialist
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The for Statement
• Includes three expressions separated by
semicolons
• Incorporates facilities for initializing a counter
and incrementing it on each turn through the
code block
Perl Specialist
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Loop-Control Commands
• last
• next
• redo
Perl Specialist
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I/O Redirection
• Many Perl scripts use I/O redirection in place
of more complicated file-handling
subroutines
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Evaluate Boolean expressions
Construct an if statement
Discuss else and elsif branches
Construct a while loop
Construct a do {} while loop
Construct a for loop
Use loop labels
Describe the I/O redirection paradigm
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 3:
Regular Expressions in Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
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Define regular expressions
Perform pattern matching
Define and use metacharacters
Explain character classes
Define quantifiers and assertions
Perform substitution
Use the binding operator
Perl Specialist
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Introduction to
Regular Expressions
• Pattern binding operators
• Escape sequences and metacharacters
Perl Specialist
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Character Classes
• Indicate a list of characters that one element
in a string will match
Perl Specialist
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Pattern Matching and Substitution
• Back references
Perl Specialist
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Summary

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Define regular expressions
Perform pattern matching
Define and use metacharacters
Explain character classes
Define quantifiers and assertions
Perform substitution
Use the binding operator
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 4:
Arrays in Perl
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Objectives
•
•
•
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Describe the purpose of arrays
Define arrays using lists
Access array elements
Use the sort function to sort an array
alphabetically
Use a foreach loop to traverse an array
Use the push and pop functions
Use the shift and unshift functions
Use the split and join functions
Perl Specialist
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Introduction to Perl Arrays
• Initializing arrays
• Accessing array elements
Perl Specialist
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The sort Function
• Accepts an array as an argument,
alphabetizes the elements within the array,
and returns the resultant array
Perl Specialist
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The foreach Statement
• A special control structure designed to iterate
through an array or list
Perl Specialist
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The push and pop Functions
• The push function adds values to the top of a
stack
• The pop function removes values from a stack
Perl Specialist
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The shift and unshift Functions
• The unshift function adds a value to the
front of an array and shifts the rest of the
array by one
• The shift function removes values from an
array
• Using an array as a queue
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
The split and join Functions
• The split function accepts two arguments,
a regular expression and a string
• The join function accepts a list of values and
combines them into a single string
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary





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
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Describe the purpose of arrays
Define arrays using lists
Access array elements
Use the sort function to sort an array
alphabetically
Use a foreach loop to traverse an array
Use the push and pop functions
Use the shift and unshift functions
Use the split and join functions
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 5:
Hashes in Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
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Describe the purpose of hashes
Define hashes using lists
Access hash elements
Use the delete function
Use the keys function
Use the values function
Use the each function
Use the reverse function
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Perl Hashes
• Hashes are collections of scalar values that
can be accessed individually
• Hash elements are accessed using an
arbitrary scalar value, called a key
• Also known as associative arrays
Perl Specialist
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Adding and Deleting Hash Elements
•
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The delete function
The keys function
The values function
The each function
The reverse function
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Describe the purpose of hashes
Define hashes using lists
Access hash elements
Use the delete function
Use the keys function
Use the values function
Use the each function
Use the reverse function
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 6:
Subroutines in Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
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Define and use a subroutine
Call subroutines directly and indirectly
Pass values to a subroutine
Return a value from a subroutine
Explain variable scope
Pass references to a subroutine
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Perl Subroutines
•
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Defining subroutines
Calling subroutines
Passing arguments
Returning values
The sort function and subroutines
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Variable Scope
• Variables can be created within subroutines
that are private (specific) to just that
subroutine using the my operator
– The my operator takes a scalar, array, or
hash name and instantiates local versions
inside a subroutine
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
References
• Creating and referencing anonymous arrays
• Creating and referencing anonymous hashes
• Passing references to subroutines
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Define and use a subroutine
Call subroutines directly and indirectly
Pass values to a subroutine
Return a value from a subroutine
Explain variable scope
Pass references to a subroutine
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 7:
File Input and Output
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
•
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Define and use filehandles
Obtain a filehandle using the open function
Output data to a file
Close a file using the close function
Open a file for reading
Use the stat and lstat functions to obtain
information about a file
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Perl File Input and Output
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•
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What is a filehandle?
The open function
Outputting data to a file
Opening files for reading
Other file-related functions
Determining information about files
The stat and lstat functions
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Define and use filehandles
Obtain a filehandle using the open function
Output data to a file
Close a file using the close function
Open a file for reading
Use the stat and lstat functions to obtain
information about a file
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 8:
Environment Variables
and Command Line Arguments
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
• Access and use environment variables
• Use command line arguments
• Define options when handling command line
arguments
Perl Specialist
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Environment Variables
• What are environment variables?
– Shells
Perl Specialist
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Command Line Arguments
• Arguments entered at the command line can
be used in Perl programs
Perl Specialist
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Summary
 Access and use environment variables
 Use command line arguments
 Define options when handling command line
arguments
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 9:
Packages and Modules in Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
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Describe the purpose of packages
Use the package keyword
Use BEGIN and END blocks
Describe the purpose of modules
Create a module to facilitate code reuse
Incorporate a module into your Perl scripts
using the use and require statements
• Use the Exporter module
Perl Specialist
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Using Packages in Perl
• Namespace
• The package keyword
• Package symbol tables
Perl Specialist
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BEGIN and END Blocks
• Special blocks of code defined within a
package
Perl Specialist
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Using Modules in Perl
• Specially designed Perl scripts that package
functionality for reuse by other Perl scripts
Perl Specialist
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The use and require Statements
• The require statement takes a single
argument (the name of the module to
include)
• The use statement adds symbols directly to
the including package’s symbol table
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary
Describe the purpose of packages
Use the package keyword
Use BEGIN and END blocks
Describe the purpose of modules
Create a module to facilitate code reuse
Incorporate a module into your Perl scripts
using the use and require statements
 Use the Exporter module
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Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 10:
Object-Oriented Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
Describe the purpose of objects
Define objects for use in your Perl scripts
Access object data
Define and use object methods
Use inheritance to expand the functionality of
a class
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Object-Oriented Perl
• Creating objects
• Object data
• Object methods
Perl Specialist
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Inheritance
• @ISA array
• Destructor methods
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Describe the purpose of objects
Define objects for use in your Perl scripts
Access object data
Define and use object methods
Use inheritance to expand the functionality of
a class
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 11:
Database Connectivity and Perl
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
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Define database programming
Explain the benefits of using a database
Define and use the Database Interface Module (DBI)
Define and use the Database Driver Module (DBD)
Open a database connection
Close a connection to a database
Query a database
Define and use the Structured Query Language (SQL)
Return records from a database
Insert records into a database
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Database Connectivity
• Database programming
• Database Interface Module
• Database Driver Module
Perl Specialist
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Interacting with Databases
1. Connect to the database
2. Query the database
3. Display the results
4. Close the connection
Perl Specialist
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Connecting to Databases
• The connect method
Perl Specialist
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Structured Query Language
• Data Definition Language
– CREATE
– DROP
• Data Query Language
• Data Manipulation Language
– INSERT
– DELETE
– UPDATE
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Quoting Operators
• Perl includes quoting operators that can be
used instead of single or double quotation
marks
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary







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Define database programming
Explain the benefits of using a database
Define and use the Database Interface Module (DBI)
Define and use the Database Driver Module (DBD)
Open a database connection
Close a connection to a database
Query a database
Define and use the Structured Query Language (SQL)
Return records from a database
Insert records into a database
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Lesson 12:
Debugging Perl Programs
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
Debug Perl programs
Use the –w switch
Use the strict module
Trace the execution of a Perl script
Issue commands to the Perl debugger
Design Perl scripts to minimize bugs
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Debugging Perl Scripts
• Using the print command
• Using the –w switch
• Using the strict module
Perl Specialist
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The Perl Debugger
• Traps and fixes errors in a Perl script
• An interactive Perl environment wherein the
user is prompted for debugger commands
Perl Specialist
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Writing Bug-Free Perl Code
• Preventing errors
• Common Perl errors
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Summary

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Debug Perl programs
Use the –w switch
Use the strict module
Trace the execution of a Perl script
Issue commands to the Perl debugger
Design Perl scripts to minimize bugs
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved
Perl Specialist







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


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Introduction to Perl
Flow Control in Perl
Regular Expressions in Perl
Arrays in Perl
Hashes in Perl
Subroutines in Perl
File Input and Output
Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments
Packages and Modules in Perl
Object-Oriented Perl
Database Connectivity and Perl
Debugging Perl Programs
Perl Specialist
Copyright © 2010 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved