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Cells
The cell Theory is a fundamental
concept in biology. It states 3 things:
1. All living things are made of cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of life
3. Cells come from other cells
EVERY ORGANISM IS COMPOSED OF
ONE OF TWO STRUCTURALLY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS:
PROKARYOTIC OR EUKARYOTIC.
Prokaryotic
Similarities
• Small
• Contain genetic
• Does not include a material
membrane bound • Can be single
nucleus, but does
celled organisms
contain a nucleoid • Contain a
region
cell/plasma
• Does not have
membrane,
membrane bound
ribosomes, and
organelles
cytoplasm
• Contains circular
DNA
Eukaryotic
• Large
• Contains a
nucleus
• Contains
membrane bound
organelles
• Contain X shaped
chromosomes
• Can be
multicellular
organisms
Bacterial Cells are prokaryotic. We will
begin discussing types of cells by talking
about bacterial cells.
Structure
Function
Pili
Attachment structures on the surface of bacteria
Nucleoid
Region where the cells’ DNA is located, not in a
membrane
Ribosome
Plasma
membrane
Cell Wall
Makes proteins
Membrane enclosing the cytoplasm, Controls
movement in and out of the cell
Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane
Jelly-like outer coating of many bacteria
Capsule
Locomotion organelles of some bacteria
Flagella
Cytoplasm Gel-like substance in the cell containing internal
cell structures.
There are two types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
All animals are made up of cells
Animal cells contain the
following structures:
•
•
•
•
•
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Flagellum/Cilia
Centrosome
Cytoskeleton
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Plasma Membrane
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Vesicles
We are only going to focus on a few…
Nucleus Contains most of the DNA within a cell. Consists
of the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope
 Nucleolus: Non-membranous organelle
involved in the production of ribosomes
 Nuclear Envelope: Double envelope enclosing
the nucleus, contains many pores
Endoplasmic Network of membranous sacs or tubes;
Reticulum
active in membrane in synthesis and other
synthetic and metabolic processes.
 Rough ER: Protein synthesis and
membrane production
 Smooth ER: Synthesizes carbohydrates
and lipids
Cilia
Cell locomotion
Mitochondrion Where cellular respiration occurs, “cell
powerhouse”
Plasma
Membrane enclosing the cell
Membrane
Golgi Apparatus Active in synthesis, sorting and secretion
of cell products
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Some features
are unique to
animal cells
Structure
Function
Digestive organelle that
breaks down large molecules
Centrioles
Involved in cell division
All plants are made up of
cells
Plant cells contain the
following structures:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrosome
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
•
•
•
•
•
•
Central Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Plasma Membrane
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Vesicles
Unique organelles to plant cells
Central Vacuole
A prominent organelle in older plant
cells; functions include storage and
breakdown of waste products
Chloroplast
A photosynthetic organelle; converts
energy of sunlight to chemical energy
stored in sugar molecules
Cell Wall
An outer layer that maintains a cell’s
shape and protects cells from mechanical
damage; made of cellulose, other
polysaccharides, and protein
Follow the link below to learn
more about organelles
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=4DWaA
IVlW3k&feature=relat
ed