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3.1 Cell Theory The student is expected to: 3F research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists and 4A compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. • The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. – All organisms are made of cells. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. – All organisms are made of cells. – All existing cells are produced by other living cells. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. – All organisms are made of cells. – All existing cells are produced by other living cells. – The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3.1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. – All cells are enclosed cell membrane by a membrane. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. – All cells are enclosed cell membrane by a membrane. – All cells are filled with cytoplasm. cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. nucleus cell membrane 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. nucleus • Prokaryotic cells do not have membranebound organelles. organelles cell membrane 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. nucleus organelles cell membrane 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. nucleus • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. organelles cell membrane cytoplasm 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities. 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell – helps position and transport organelles TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell – helps position and transport organelles – provides strength TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell – helps position and transport organelles – provides strength – assists in cell division TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell – helps position and transport organelles – provides strength – assists in cell division – aids in cell movement TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3.1 Cell Theory Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials. 3.1 Cell Theory Other organelles have various functions. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – Centrioles help divide DNA. 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – Centrioles help divide DNA. – Centrioles form cilia and flagella. 3.1 Cell Theory Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support. TEKS 3F, 4A 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support. • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.