Download 1.2 PPT - gessramsey

1.2 Cells
• An analogy is a way to understand new ideas by
making a comparison.
• A factory can be used as an analogy for the cell.
• Parts of the cell that allow the cell to survive are called
organelles.
• Organelles take up about 5 to 30 percent of the cell.
The rest of the cell consists of water.
How is the Newo colony similar to
a factory?
See pages 22 - 24
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The cell membrane protects the cell and
regulates the movement of particles in and
out of the cell.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Cytoplasm, the jelly-like substance within
the cell, contains organelles, water, and
other life supporting materials.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The nucleus:
 controls all the activities within the
cell.
 contains deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA).
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Nuclear
membrane
Nuclear
pore
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nucleoplasm
The mitochondria are the organelles that
produce energy in the cell.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Mitochondria Animation/Movie:
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/tdc02/sci/life/cell/mitoch
ondria/index.html
Energy in the Cell
• When the cell changes chemical energy, in the food
we eat, to energy the cell can use, it is called cellular
respiration.
• The total of all the chemical reactions that take place
in our cells is called our metabolism.
See page 26
Cellular Respiration
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Proteins are essential for all life and are
assembled by the ribosomes.
• Proteins then pass through the
endoplasmic reticulum and are placed
in vesicles by the Golgi body.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Vacuoles are temporary storage
compartments.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Lysosomes break down food particles, cell
wastes, and worn-out organelles.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Lysosome Animation: http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter5/a
nimations.html#
The Difference Between Plant
and Animal Cells
• Plant cells have two parts that are not
found in animal cells:
 Cell Wall
 protects the cell and gives cell shape
 Chloroplasts
 change the Sun’s energy into chemical
energy
Locate the cell wall and
chloroplast
See pages 29-30
Photosynthesis
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Cell Theory
• The cell is the basic unit of life.
• All organisms are composed of one or more
cells.
• All cells come from other living cells.
See pages 31-32
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Cells
Cells are classified into two groups:
Prokaryotic cells have
organelles that are not
surrounded by
membranes.
Eukaryotic cells have
organelles that are
surrounded by
membranes.
Eukaryotic cells are
usually larger than
prokaryotic cells.
See page 32
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
• Some bacteria cause diseases
such as: tuberculosis and
strep throat.
• Helpful bacteria are used to
make food such as: cheese
and yogurt.
• Bacteria are often grouped by
the shape of their cells.
See pages 33 - 34
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Bacteria and Viruses
Viruses are not living.
• HIV, chicken pox, and the flu are examples of
viruses.
• Viruses do not contain any cell organelles but
reproduce by using a host cell.
Take the Section 1.2 Quiz
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007