Download 9.3 PPT - NATURAL FLUID SYSTEMS

9.3 Natural Fluid Systems
• Many natural systems are based on fluids and pressures
 Weather systems are created and influenced by
barometric pressure, measure with a barometer.
 Air pressure is measured in kilopascals (kPa)
or atmospheres (atm)
See pages 334 - 335
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Natural Fluid Systems
 Humans are affected by air pressures (breathing)
and fluid pressures (the circulatory and
respiratory systems)
 Water, and water balance, is vital for life
 The human body is 66% water, and
loses 2.1 L of water daily
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The Circulatory System
• The circulatory system is one of the most
complex hydraulic systems we know
 The heart is the pump, and blood vessels are
specialized pipes
 Blood pressure refers to how hard blood
pushes against the walls of your body’s
blood vessels
See page 336
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The Circulatory System
Nerve cells in the arteries monitor blood pressure
• Your pulse is these waves of pressure
• Normal resting heart rate is 60 - 100 beats per
minute
• Blood pressure is measured with a
sphygmomanometer which measures two
different pressures
 Eg. Blood pressure = 120/75 mm Hg = two
pressures
 120 = heart pumping, and
 75 = heart relaxing and filling with blood
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Disorders of Blood Circulation
• Blood pressure is a part of normal check-ups, as it is
an indicator of overall health
 Like in all hydraulic
systems, roughness inside
of pipes decreases the
hydraulic system’s
effectiveness
 Fatty deposits build up
in arteries to slow blood
flow
 Smoking and obesity also
See page 337
increase blood pressure
www.nhlbi.nih.gov
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The Respiratory System
• Breathing is partly based on air pressure
changes
 Air (and all fluids) normally move from high
to low pressure
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See page 338
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The Respiratory System
 Inhaling expands the rib cage, increasing volume
and decreasing pressure
 The diaphragm and rib muscles expand your
lungs
 Air from outside, which has oxygen in it, enters
the low pressure in the lungs
 Exhaling is the diaphragm and rib
muscles pushing inwards, increasing
pressure in the lungs so air leaves
 As the air leaves, it takes
unwanted carbon dioxide
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Disorders of Breathing
• Breathing is affected by narrowed passageways,
especially swelling from infections and allergies
 Smoke, polluted air, coal dust and asbestos are also harmful
 Asthma is a respiratory disease that narrows the
passageways for air entering and leaving the lungs
 Asthma can be triggered by smoke and pollutants,
exercise, stress and dust
 An inhaler is used to deliver tiny droplets of medicine to the
lungs to help passageways open
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See page 339
Take the Section 9.3 Quiz
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007