Download Unit 6: Cell Biology

Chapter 3: Cells
Section 3: Cell Membrane
Unit 6: Cell Biology
Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Agenda for Today
Do Now!
Quick Review on Organelles
Protein Production
QUIZ!
Cell Membrane
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 3: Cell Membranes
Good Posters and Presentations!
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posters!
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 3: Cell Membrane
Do Now!
Carolyn and Nouman are giving a presentation about cell organelles. To help the
students understand the function of organelles, they describe the cell by using the
analogy that the cell is a factory.
Using the picture below, which part should Carolyn and Nouman describe as the
generator (or powerplant) that powers the factory, and why?
Possible answers:
• Organelle 1: this structure
controls all activities of the cell.
• Organelle 2: this structure
packages and delivers proteins
and lipids.
• Organelle 3: this is where
cellular respiration occurs.
• Organelle 4: this is where
photosynthesis occurs.
Chapter 3: Cells
• Cytoskeleton
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “cyto” = “cell”
• Supports organelles and gives the
cell structure.
• 3 different components:
microtubules, intermediate
filaments, & microfilaments.
• Found in Animals and Plants
• Found only in Eukaryotes
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
The Cytoskeleton
Chapter 3: Cells
• Protein
Production
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• A number of organelles work together
to make and deliver proteins.
• Nucleus -> Ribosome -> Rough ER ->
Golgi Body -> Vesicle -> final
destination.
• We will use an analogy to describe
this process, so be patient.
Chapter 3: Cells
• Nucleus
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “nucleus” = “kernel” (just like
“karyon”)
• Stores and protects genetic
material (DNA)
• Surrounded by a double membrane
with many pores, called the nuclear
envelope.
• Nucleolus is the site of ribosome
assembly.
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
• Ribosome
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “ribo” comes from RNA (ribonucleic
acid). “soma” = “body”
• Has 2 major parts, a large and a
small subunit.
• In-between the subunits is RNA
• Links amino acids together to form
proteins.
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
3-D View of Ribosome
Chapter 3: Cells
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “endo” = “inside”; “plasma” =
“fluid”; “reticulum” = “net”
• 2 major sections: Rough and
Smooth ER
• Rough ER is the site of protein
synthesis
• Smooth ER is the site of lipid
synthesis (fat, hormones, etc.)
• ER is an extension of the nuclear
envelope
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: Cells
• Golgi
Apparatus
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• Named after Camillo Golgi, the
Italian scientist who first identified
it.
• Shaped like a stack of long flattened
sacks.
• Packages and ships out/in proteins
and other macromolecules.
• Creates vesicles and lysosomes.
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus (bloop bloop)
7
6
5 5 5 5 5
3
Chapter 3: Cells
• Lysosome
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “lyse” = “to break apart”; “soma” =
“body”
• Digests worn-out organelles and
other cell parts.
• Breaks down viruses, bacteria, and
other foreign bodies.
• Full of digestive enzymes and acids.
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Lysosome Production
Chapter 3: Cells
• Mitochondria
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “mito” = “thread”; “chondros” =
“granule”
• Site of cellular respiration
• The “powerhouse of the cell”
• Breaks down pyruvate(glucose) and
makes ATP (cell energy).
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: Cells
• Chloroplast
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “chloros” = “green; “plastis” = “one
who forms”
• Site of photosynthesis.
• Converts light energy into chemical
energy (glucose).
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
• Centriole
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “kentros” = “center”; “ole” = “little”.
• Help organize microtubles.
• Serves as an anchor for spindle
fibers (during mitosis).
• Helps form cilia and flagella.
• Always occur in pairs, called a
“centrosome”
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
• Vacuole
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “Vacuus” = “empty” ; “-ole” =
“small”
• Membrane bound
• Stores water, food, and other
important molecules
• Found in Animals and Plants
Chapter 3: Cells
• Vacuole
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• Found both in Animals and Plants
• Smaller in Animals, only used for
storage.
• Larger in plants, also used to
maintain turgor pressure and plant
structure
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
• Cell
Membrane
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• “membrane” = “skin”
• Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal,
plant)
• Double layer of phospholipids
• Hydrophobic between layers,
hydrophilic on outside.
• Fluid (everything is in motion)
• Semi-permeable
• Has many proteins embedded in it.
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
• Cell Wall
Section 2: Cell Organelles
• Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes)
• Made of cellulose
• Provides structure for the plant
body.
• Cell wall in prokaryotes in not the
same thing. (made of different
stuff)
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells
Section 2: Cell Organelles
Journey in to a Cell