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Cells
Georgia High School Graduation
Test: Science Review
Mrs. Kirby
Introduction
 From
the key vocabulary, circle
the words that you can already
define or use in a sentence.
 Write down two or three things
that you think are important for
you to know today.
What is biology?
The
study of living things
What is considered living?
anything
that has the ability to
nourish, grow, and reproduce
cells must be present
Cell Theory
The
cell is considered the
basic unit of life.
All living things contain at
least one cell.
Cells come from pre-existing
cells.
Sample Question
1.
What structures can be
identified in a typical
animal or plant cell?
Plant Cells versus Animal
Cells
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
Plant Cells versus Animal
Cells
PLANT CELLS
• cell wall (provides
structure)
• chloroplast
(location of
photosynthesis/
energy production)
ANIMAL CELLS
• centrioles
(responsible for
cell reproduction)
Organelles Common to Both
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
nucleus
control of all cell activities; location of DNA
mitochondria
energy production
Golgi complex
(apparatus)
assembles, sorts, and transports cell
products
ribosome
protein synthesis
chromosome
composed of DNA containing genetic
material
Cell Organelles, continued
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
cell
membrane
endoplasmic
reticulum
phospholipid bilayer; maintains
homeostasis; protects the cell
digests old cells and food (cleans up the
cell)
produces, stores, and transports protein
(rough) and lipids (smooth)
flagella/cilia
movement of materials
lysosome
Sample Question
2.
Compare prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes
“Pro-No”
No
true nucleus
No membrane-bound
organelles
No well-organized
membrane
Prokaryotes
“Pro-No”
All
prokaryotes are bacteria
and all bacteria are
prokaryotes
Prokaryotes = bacteria
(Monera)
Eukaryotes
“Eu-True”
True
nucleus
Well organized membrane
Membrane – bound
organelles
Eukaryotes
“Eu-True”
Most
plants and animals
and other specialized
organisms
Sample Question
3.
Compare and contrast
active and passive
transport in at least 4 ways.
Active versus Passive
Transport
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• requires energy (low
concentration to high)
• endocytosis and
exocytosis
• active transport
(ATP is used)
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• diffusion (particles
from high
concentration to low)
• osmosis (water from
high concentration to
low)
• facilitated transport
(diffusion using a
membrane protein)
Sample Question
4.
Define each of the
following: carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
Organic Compounds
ORGANIC
COMPOUND
carbohydrates
lipids
DEFINITION
sugars and
starches
fats (insoluble
in water)
proteins
amino acids
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
FUNCTION
provide energy
store energy
responsible for
most cell
functions
store hereditary
information
Sample Question
5.
Describe the role of the cell
membrane in maintaining
homeostasis.
Homeostasis
The
maintenance of a
constant, stable
environment internally
example:
body temperature
Cell Membrane and
Homeostasis
utilizes
active and passive
transport
diffusion and osmosis
depends on environment
(hydrophobic or hydrophilic)
Hydrophobic versus
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
• “water-fearing”
• outside of cell
•
•
Hydrophilic
“water-loving”
inside of cell
Discussion
 If
the cell were a community,
what components would a cell
have to have to function as a
community? (boundaries—
political, transportation, energy
source)
Lesson Summarized
 Write
a sentence that explains
the system discussed.
 Draw a graphic organizer that
shows the relationship of the
cell parts to the whole cell.
Short Quiz Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A cell provides structure and function for an
organism. Cells are the “building blocks” of life.
Energy is produced in the mitochondria of
cells.
The cell membrane consists of a double layer
of lipids and phosphate groups (a phospholipid
bilayer). Because water is polar and lipids are
non-polar, the cell does not dissolve in water.
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to
maintain a balanced and constant
environment.
Pro-no true nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles, and Eu-true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles