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Vocabulary Review
Cells
Smallest Unit of Life
CELL
First to use a simple
microscope to draw
cork cells from dead
plants
ROBERT HOOKE
First person to
see and draw
living cells
LEEUWENHOEK
Idea that all living
things are made of
cells
CELL THEORY
What new cells
come from
EXISTING CELLS
A constant internal
environment maintained
by cells
HOMEOSTASIS
This grows faster that
the surface area of a
cell
CELL VOLUME
This determines the
function of a cell
SHAPE
Surrounds the outside
of cells & controls
what enters and leaves
CELL MEMBRANE
The fluid and
organelles between the
cell membrane and
nuclear membrane
CYTOPLASM
Fluid making up the
cytoplasm
CYTOSOL
Control center of the
cell where DNA is
located
NUCLEUS
Genetic material of a
cell
DNA
The phospholipid
heads that attract
water
HYDROPHILIC
Cells lacking a nucleus
& no membrane-bound
organelles
PROKARYOTES
Region in bacteria
where DNA (single
chromosome)
NUCLEOID
Domain containing
ancient bacterial forms
ARCHAEA
Cell structure that
perform a specific job
for a cell
ORGANELLE
Cells that have a
nucleus and membranebound organelles
EUKARYOTE
Organisms composed
of more than one cell
MULTICELLULAR
Made of similar cells
working together to do
a particular job
TISSUES
Made of organs
working together to do
a particular job
ORGAN SYSTEM
A double layer of
these molecules make
up the cell membrane
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
The tails of
phospholipids are this;
means it doesn’t like
water
HYDROPHOBIC
The model of
phospholipids and
embedded proteins of
the cell membrane
FLUID MOSAIC
Proteins embedded in
the cell membrane
INTEGRAL PROTEINS
Uncoiled chromosomes
in the nucleus of nondividing cells
CHROMATIN
Genetic material in
the nucleus made of
DNA and protein
CHROMOSOMES
Double layer with
pores surrounding the
nucleus
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
Organelle inside of the
nucleus that makes
ribosomes
NUCLEOLUS
Openings in the nuclear
envelope
NUCLEAR PORES
Made of rRNA and
protein and assembly
amino acids into a
polypeptide chain
RIBOSOMES
Long, whip-like
structures used by
some cells for
movement
FLAGELLA
Site of cellular
respiration
MITOCHONDRIA
Unattached ribosomes
in the cytoplasm
FREE RIBOSOMES
Energy molecule used
by cells to do work
ATP
Proteins attached only
to one side of the cell
membrane
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
System of membranes
and tubes in the
cytoplasm connecting
the nuclear membrane
to the cell membrane
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
ER with ribosomes
attached to its surface
ROUGH ER
System of flattened
sacs that modify and
package proteins
GOLGI
Small sacs containing
cell products that can
be transported from
the cell
VESICLES
Organelle that digests
food and worn out cell
parts
LYSOSOMES
Made of microtubules
and microfilaments to
give support to cells
and move organelles
CYTOSKELETON
Organelle made of
microtubules in animal
cells that helps form
the spindle for cell
division
CENTRIOLES
Short, hair-like
structures that help
some cells move
CILIA
Made of cellulose and
surrounds the outside
of plant cells
CELL WALL
Organelle that
contains pigments in
plant cells
PLASTID
The largest organelle
found in plants
containing the cell sap
CENTRAL VACUOLE
ER that makes
cholesterol & helps
detoxify poisons
SMOOTH ER