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Cell Membrane & Transport Censational Review Name the molecule with a polar “head” and two nonpolar “tails”. PHOSPHOLIPID What 2 two words can be used to describe a double layer of phospholipids? LIPID BILAYER What general term can be given to proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane and reach from outside the cell to inside the cell? INTEGRAL PROTEIN What is the name of the protein that is used most often in facilitated diffusion? CHANNEL PROTEIN Which proteins are responsible for transmitting information from the cells environment to the interior of the cell? RECEPTOR PROTEINS Give an example of a marker protein. GLYCOPROTEIN OR GLYCOLIIPID What kind of molecules are secreted by various glands in your body that like to hook up with receptor proteins? HORMONES The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is known as… ACTIVE TRANSPORT When a solute goes from a high concentration to a low concentration in a solvent, without energy, it is called ______ OR _______ DIFFUSION or PASSIVE TRANSPORT If the solute concentration in a cell is the same as the solute concentration outside the cell, the cell is in a state of ……. EQUILIBRIUM The name for a mixture of solutes and solvents SOLUTION The more plentiful substance that dissolves a solute is known as THE SOLVENT The movement of water molecules across a membrane in response to the concentration of a solute is known as OSMOSIS When the surrounding environment of a cell has a greater concentration of solutes than inside the cell, what type of solution is the cell in? HYPERTONIC What is the term used to describe when some solutes are able to pass through a membrane and others are not? SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE When a cell has a greater concentration of solutes in it than in its surrounding environment, the cell is in what type of solution? HYPOTONIC What is the name for a substance that dissolves into another substance? SOLUTE What passive transport process uses channel proteins? FACILITATED DIFFUSION What type of solution is it when the concentration of solutes in the cell and its environment are the same? ISOTONIC When a cell uses energy to transport a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient it is known as ACTIVE TRANSPORT What process uses energy and enables a cell to engulf molecules too large to pass through protein channels? ENDOCYTOSIS When a cell engulfs solid particles it is called PHAGOCYTOSIS When a cell gets rid of waste inside of its vacuoles by having the vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane and dumping the excretions outside the cell, it is known as EXOCYTOSIS The name when a cell uses energy to engulf liquids is PINOCYTOSIS The maintaining of constant internal conditions, even within cells, is known as HOMEOSTASIS Proteins that do not span the entire lipid bilayer are known as PERIPHERAL PROTEINS