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Sounds & Music Dynamics Pitch Timbre Tempo Melody Harmony Dynamics This relates to the volume of the sound or instrument. Can be used for effect eg: horror. Forte=Loud Pianissimo=Soft Crescendo=Gradually getting loud Decrescendo=Gradually softer Use of performance markings eg:accent for motion, pause for suspense before the big murder By Marc Johnstone Pitch This relates to the lowness or highness of a sound Pure tones e.g. the tone of a triangle when struck, or a string of a violin played Complex tones e.g. the sound of glass smashing Pitch could be used effectively for evoking objects in film e.g. The shrill birdlike shrieking in “Psycho” is represented by high pitched violins. By Marc Johnstone Timbre Relates to the Harmonic Components of sound giving it a certain ‘color’ Effective when representing characters e.g. The Frodo theme in Lord of the Rings. Use of the Pan Flute has a sweetness in tone color to represent his courage/character. The low/dark sound of the double bass in the theme to Jaws gives the monster idea lurking beneath the depths of the sea. Important to realise that every instrument has its own sound quality By Marc Johnstone Tempo This relates to the speed of the music. Presto=Very fast Allegro=Fast Andante=At walking speed Moderato=Moderate Largo=Slow Accelerando=Gradually getting faster Ritardando=Gradually getting slower Example = The theme to Jaws, represents the motion of the shark building up in speed By Marc Johnstone Melody Is it Major or Minor/Happy or Sad? This is used for Emotional attachment to the listener The theme to Star Wars is Major to Represent triumph/victory. The theme to Schindlers list is Minor to represent tradgedy/depression. By Marc Johnstone Harmony Chords or just one melody line? Harmonic=where there is more than one note played or sung at the same time. Melodic=where there is just one single melody line played or sung. Harmony can create a thick or thin sound and it also be pleasant or discordant depending on what's happening in the scene. By Marc Johnstone Film Composition Task You are making some music for a scene in a movie that involves a ‘hello’ and a ‘goodbye’. Think of the start, middle, and end of this scene and try to write some music to describe your hello and goodbye. Use the plan on the handout and do this at the keyboards. Experiment with the sounds and try to even record your film score. By Marc Johnstone Psycho Choose 5 key scenes which you feel ‘tell’ the story of Psycho. If you could only show someone 5 scenes – which would they be (in order), and why. Scenes 1. Opening scene / or / Marion packing her bag 2. Talk to Norman / or / Shower Scene 3. Arbogast killed 4. Basement with Lila and decomposing ‘Mother’ 5. Psychiatrist explaining Opening Scene Cinematography elements – Sound elements – Mise en scene elements Editing and Production design Character elements – Mood / Atmosphere -