Download Extra Slides - MAN 341-- Production Management

Extra Notes on Strategy
Developing Missions and
Strategies
Mission statements tell an
organization where it is going
The Strategy tells the
organization how to get there
Mission
 Mission - where are
you going?
 Organization’s
purpose for being
 Answers ‘What do we
provide society?’
 Provides boundaries
and focus
Factors Affecting Mission
Philosophy
and Values
Profitability
and Growth
Environment
Mission
Customers
Public Image
Benefit to
Society
Strategic Process
Organization’s
Mission
Functional
Area Missions
Marketing
Operations
Finance/
Accounting
Strategy
 Action plan to achieve
mission
 Functional areas have
strategies
 Strategies exploit
opportunities and
strengths, neutralize
threats, and avoid
weaknesses
Strategies for Competitive
Advantage
 Differentiation – better, or at least
different
 Cost leadership – cheaper
 Quick response – more responsive
Competing on Differentiation
Uniqueness can go beyond both the
physical characteristics and service
attributes to encompass everything that
impacts customer’s perception of value
 Safeskin gloves – leading edge products
 Walt Disney Magic Kingdom –
experience differentiation
 Hard Rock Cafe – theme experience
Competing on Cost
Provide the maximum value as
perceived by customer. Does not imply
low quality.
 Southwest Airlines – secondary
airports, no frills service, efficient
utilization of equipment
 Wal-Mart – small overheads, shrinkage,
distribution costs
 Franz Colruyt – no bags, low light, no
music, doors on freezers
Competing on Response
 Flexibility is matching market changes in
design innovation and volumes
 Institutionalization at Hewlett-Packard
 Reliability is meeting schedules
 German machine industry
 Timeliness is quickness in design,
production, and delivery
 Johnson Electric, Bennigan’s, Motorola
OM’s Contribution to Strategy
Operations
Decisions
Product
Quality
Process
Examples
Specific
Strategy Used
Competitive
Advantage
FLEXIBILITY
Sony’s constant innovation
of new products………………………………....Design
HP’s ability to follow
the printer market………………………………Volume
Southwest Airlines No-frills service……..…..LOW COST
Location
Layout
Human
resource
Supply-chain
Inventory
Scheduling
Maintenance
DELIVERY
Pizza Hut’s five-minute
guarantee at lunchtime…………………..…..……..Speed
Federal Express’s “absolutely,
positively on time”………………………..….Dependability
Differentiation
(Better)
Response
(Faster)
QUALITY
Motorola’s automotive products
ignition systems…………………………......Conformance
Motorola’s pagers………………………..….Performance
IBM’s after-sale service
on mainframe computers……....AFTER-SALE SERVICE
Fidelity Security’s broad
line of mutual funds………….BROAD PRODUCT LINE
Cost
leadership
(Cheaper)
Figure 2.4
Dynamics of
Strategic Change
 Changes within the organization
 Personnel
 Finance
 Technology
 Product life
 Changes in the environment
Product Life Cycle
Company Strategy/Issues
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Best period to
increase market
share
Practical to change
price or quality
image
Poor time to
change image,
price, or quality
R&D engineering is
critical
Strengthen niche
Competitive costs
become critical
Defend market
position
CD-ROM
Internet
Sales
Decline
Cost control
critical
Fax machines
Drive-through
restaurants
Color printers
Flat-screen
monitors
DVD
3 1/2”
Floppy
disks
Figure 2.5
Product Life Cycle
OM Strategy/Issues
Introduction
Product design
and
development
critical
Frequent
product and
process design
changes
Growth
Forecasting
critical
Product and
process
reliability
Maturity
Standardization
Less rapid
product changes
– more minor
changes
Competitive
product
improvements
and options
Optimum
capacity
High production
costs
Shift toward
product focus
Long production
runs
Limited models
Enhance
distribution
Product
improvement
and cost cutting
Short production
runs
Attention to
quality
Increasing
stability of
Increase capacity process
Decline
Little product
differentiation
Cost
minimization
Overcapacity
in the
industry
Prune line to
eliminate
items not
returning
good margin
Reduce
capacity
Figure 2.5
Ranking Corruption
Rank
1
2
5
7
9
11
12
15
16
17
17
24
35
64
71
77*
Country
Finland
New Zealand
Singapore
Switzerland
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada
Germany
Hong Kong
Ireland
USA
Japan
Taiwan
Mexico
China
Turkey
2004 CPI Score (out of 10)
9.7
Good
9.6
9.3
9.1
8.8
8.6
8.5
8.2
8.0
7.5
7.5
6.9
5.6
3.6
Not So
3.4
Good
3.1