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Mesopotamia The development of cities Development of cities Before 3,500 bc most people were traveling nomads. A nomad is a person who doesn’t have a permanent home, and who travels from place to place. Who wants to take a guess as to why these people were always traveling? Levees? What’s the big deal? Levees were created which helped provide rich soil which helped to grow food, people were on their way to having permanent homes. Because growing food is important for civilization (REMEMBER IT IS ONE OF THE EIGHT SIGNS), communities began to develop around the levees. Does anyone want to take a guess as to why communities began to develop around these levees? City - States These levees created areas where people gathered and lived permanently, and they led to the worlds first city - states. Each city - state was an organized civilization, which was protected against attacks from other by HUGE WALLS. Inside each city - states walls there were temples. The temples were the center of the city - states. The temples were viewed as the MOST IMPORATNT. Temples RULE! In ancient times, temples did rule! Each city - state was though to belong to a different god. Temples were built to pray to the god that was in charge of the city - state. Mesopotamian Cities We completed a map yesterday that showed us where Mesopotamia was. There were THREE very important cities that developed in this area. • 1. SUMER • 2. ASSYRIA (Akkad) • 3. BABYLON Sumer The first city was SUMER, in 3,500 BC. Sumer is the earliest known civilization on EARTH!!!!! In Sumer they used mud to build the first houses and the people here were known as the FIRST city builders. People in Sumer created CUNEIFORM writing (which you all saw yesterday). QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture. Reading. We are going to read a little bit about this fascinating FIRST city. Please open your Human Heritage books to page 55. Independently, please read pages 55 - 59. Use the ORGANIZER to help you find details about the BIG IDEAS. The second city during Mesopotamian times was actually an EMPIRE! Does anyone know what the difference is? An empire is a MUCH LARGER area of land ruled by only ONE person!! Akkad/Assyria Sargon the First conquered the city states located around Sumer one by one. As Sargon and his army took over these city states they used the Sumerian gods and Sumerian forms of writing. Sargon the First was the ruler of this LARGE empire, and became one of the MOST POWERFUL people! Babylon The third city is known as Babylon. Separate city - states again gained control of power. Hammurabi was the leader of all of these separate city states, and he created a new code of laws. We are going to talk A LOT about Hammurabis laws, a little later on. Reading. We are going to do another reading. Please open your red text books to page 61. Please read pages 61 - 63. Stop when you see Section Two Assessment. We are going to complete the section two assessment in partner pairs. YOU NEED TO DO QUESTIONS 1, 2, and 3 ON YOUR OWN PAPER!!!! Contributions! Now that you know a little bit about the area of Mesopotamia and the major city-states that existed here, we are going to talk a bit about what they left behind! Civilization Sumerians developed the earliest known civilization. Sumerians have been called the “Cradle of Civilization” Why do you think this area is known as the “Cradle of Civilization”? Inventions! Sumerians invented MANY things. The Wheel Which helped transportation QuickTi me™ and a TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see thi s pi ctur e. The Plow - Which made it possible for farmers to grow more food. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Sailboat - Which replaced muscle power with WIND power. QuickTi me™ and a TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see thi s pi ctur e. QuickT ime ™an d a TIFF ( Uncomp res sed) deco mpre ssor ar e need ed to see this pictur e. The Calendar - The first 12 Month calendar was developed based on the cycles of the moon. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Quic kTime™ and a TIFF (Unc ompres sed) dec ompres sor are needed to see this pic ture. QuickTime™ and a TIF F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Mesopotamia and MATH! People during this time developed a number system based on 60. From this came the • 60 - minute Hour • 60 - second minute • 360 degree circle QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture. ATLAS! We are going to complete an atlas activity! Please get into RESPONSIBLE partners!!! Or, you may work alone :) CREATE A CITY - STATE You are now going to be responsible for creating your OWN city - states since we have spent so much time talking about them. Create A City ΠState Directions for how to create your own city Π state: 1. Choose a location a. Using the CREATE A CITY ΠSTATE sheet choose a location and answer the questions based on why you choose that location. b. Remember that your city needs to be able to provide food, water, protection , and transportation to its cit izens. 2. Create a map of yo ur city Π state be sure to include the following a. A wall that surroun ds your city state b. A road into the center of your city Π state from your gated entrance. c. A Temple (Ziggurat) d. A name for your temple and your temple god e. Housing (1st, 2nd and 3rd class) i. First class is closest to the temple ii. 2nd class comes after 1st iii. And 3rd class is near the out side of the city. f. Scale i. ex. One inc h = 50 miles g. Key i. Pictures to represent all of the features on your map h. Title / name of your city Π state.