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The First Empires Empire: state containing several countries or territories Independent city-states of Sumer fought each other for power in the fertile region City-states had allies Allies are independent city-states that work together to attain a military or political goal City-states grew weaker because they spent too much time fighting each other This situation led to Sumerian cities being conquered by external forces The Akkadian Empire Akkadians lived to the northwest of Sumer Spoke different language and had different customs 2300 B.C.E: King Sargon conquers Kish (Sumerian City) Changed language Akkadian Army conquered other city-states Placed loyal Akkadians in government and religious positions United Mesopotamia by placing cities under his rule Sargon increased trade Sargon appointed local rulers to control land Sargon controlled Akkadian Empire for more than 50 years The Fall of the Akkadian Empire Sargon dies in 2279 B.C.E Rebellions and invasions led the empire to collapse Fighting for Mesopotamia Empires were created and destroyed in the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia) City-states fought for control over the rich territory After years of struggle, a man named Hammurabi united the region His empire was called the Babylonian Empire The Babylonian Empire Babylon was a small city-state on the Euphrates river (Present day Iraq) In Babylon, King Hammurabi created the center of the Mesopotamian Empire 1792 B.C.E: Hammurabi becomes king of Babylon Built up his army and attacked other city-states He created the Old Babylonian Empire He sent his own tax collectors, judges, and governors to rule distant cities Encouraged growth and trade Hammurabi’s Code Set of laws that governed life in Babylonian Empire Includes nearly 300 laws Set up specific punishments for robbery and murder Also dealt with contracts, marriage, and divorce Hammurabi’s Code Harsh punishments that encouraged social order More detailed than Ur-Nammu law code Attempted to write down all laws that governed society Established rule of law: everyone must obey the law Daily Life in Babylonia Most people were farmers Food was grown and distributed Built irrigation canals Wool was used for clothing Traders bought and sold goods New tools, weapons, pottery, and perfumes and medicine Known for bronze and stone sculptures Used gold and precious stones to make jewelry