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Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders Section 2 Key Terms, People, and Places Sargon Hammurabi Codify Civil law Criminal law Nebuchadnezzar Barter economy Money economy Zoroaster Colony Alphabet LEQ: How did various strong rulers unite the lands of the Fertile Crescent into well-organized empires? First Empire Arise in Mesopotamia (pages 36-37) Looking at the map on page 37 compare the extent of Sumer to the extents of the later Akkadian and Babylonian Empire o Which was the largest? The Babylonian Empire o Where did it lie in relation to the rivers? It lay between the rivers and beyond them o Sargon Builds the First Empire (2300 BC) Invaded the neighboring city-states of Ancient Sumer His empire did not last long after his death o Hammurabi Brings Babylon to Power (1790 BC) Hammurabi’s most ambitious and lasting contribution was a set of laws known as Hammurabi’s Code First attempt to codify all the laws that would govern a state o Discussion… How do you think the establishment of a codified law helped Hammurabi control such a large territory? o Establishing Civil Law This branch deals with private rights and matters, such as business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, marriage, and divorce Babylonian civil law gave a husband legal authority over his wife and a legal duty to support her o Defining Crime and Punishment (Criminal Law) Deals with offenses against others, such as robbery, assault, or murder Limited personal vengeance and encouraged social order o Discussion… Do you think there were advantages to dividing Babylonian law into two categories, civil and criminal?