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PRJ566 Project Planning and Management Projects and The Project Life Cycle Projects What is a project? Projects What are some key factors governing projects? Projects Projects are constrained by three factors—this is called the triple constraint. What are these? Sometimes a 4th factor is added and this becomes the quadruple constraint. What is this factor? Projects Scope Creep, Effort Creep, Gold Plating are three common “diseases” that often result in project failure. What are some of the causes for these diseases? Projects 2002: Standish Group, US, CHAOS study Success rate of IT technology projects improved over previous years to 34% (66% failed!) Wasted $$ decreased over previous years to $55 billion Projects How is project success defined? How is project failure defined? Examples Ontario’s Welfare Computer System “riddled with errors” Incorrect actions and data (threatening letters sent to innocent clients) Very high down time Workers developed new and creative ways to “work around” the computer system in order to get cheques mailed on time Source: Toronto Star, July 10 & 13/2004 Examples cont’d Ontario’s Welfare Computer System Cost of down time? $2M in lost productivity (16 working days) Cost of errors? $10M to Accenture plus cost to clients, workers to fix error that does not allow increases And that’s just one of many errors! Source: Toronto Star, July 10 & 13/2004 Examples cont’d Ontario’s Welfare Computer System The total cost for this system to date-$500M What it could have been built for--$5M (as per Robert Bernecky, Snake Island Research) Real cost is100 x what it should have cost and far over budget. Source: Toronto Star, July 10 & 13/2004 The Project Life Cycle Concept: Planning: Execution & Control: Close-out: •Preliminary scope •Preliminary costs •Cost benefit analysis •Scope •Plan (WBS) •Iterative!! •Deliverables •Management & control •Iterative!! Scope Plan Execute Control •Completed work •Customer acceptance •Lessons learned The Project Life Cycle What can you do in each phase to help ensure success (and avoid common “diseases”)? The Project Life Cycle What do you need to manage throughout your project? The Pain Curve Pain Poor Scope/Plan Good Scope/Plan Time