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Review Day Drill: List three things you know about a star that you did not know prior to the unit. Objective: SWBAT identify concepts presented in the astronomy unit on stars unit in order to prepare for the test. HW: STUDY Characteristics of a Star Scientists classify stars based on several characteristics: Color & Temperature: Red = Cool & Blue/White = Hot Brightness (luminosity) Absolute magnitude vs. Apparent magnitude Size (Group) Main Sequence White Dwarf Giant Super Giant Hertsprung-Russell Diagram The H-R Diagram show the relationship between temperature and brightness. Identifies four characteristics of stars Temperature Brightness Color Category Star Facts Lifespan of a star is determined by it’s size. Large stars have short life spans Small stars have longer life spans Brightness is determined by size and surface temperature. Only the largest stars (40 times the size of our sun) will become black holes. Protostars are early stars before nuclear fusion occurs Parts of the Star The sun is made mostly of Hydrogen(75%) and Helium (25%). The sun has 3 parts to the body: Core: Dense area where nuclear fusion occurs burning at about 15 million degrees F Radiation Zone: Heat travels outward through the zone to the next layer. Convection Zone: Area where currents of heated materials transfer heat to the exterior and carry cooler area in. Parts of the Atmosphere The atmosphere that surrounds the sun is made of three layers: Photosphere: Area where light is given off and lowest portion of the atmosphere. Chromosphere: Area beyond the photosphere. Corona: Only visible portion of the sun during an eclipse and the furthest layer from the core. Galaxies Galaxy: Collection of gas, dust, and stars held together by gravity. There are 3 types of galaxies: Spiral: Pinwheel shape with stars on the arms and gas and dust clustered in the center. Thought that a black hole is in center. Elliptical: Flat, pancake shape that produces a beacon of light. Lots of old stars but little gas and dust Galaxies con’t Irregular: No definite shape. Lots of gas and dust with very old stars. Explosions from supernovas caused these galaxies to lose their shape. Oldest/Youngest known type of galaxy.