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Latitude and Longitude • A coordinate system that allows you to pinpoint your location on Earth. • The system involves lines running in two directions across the earth to form a grid. • You need 2 numbers to pinpoint a spot, just like on a graph. Latitude • These lines run east to west, but measure north and south of the equator. Latitude lines are also called parallels Latitude • The equator is the starting or reference line. • The unit for latitude ill be N or S for north or south ex: 42oN or 68oS • Latitude lines start a 0o (the equator) and end at 90oN or 90oS (the north or south pole. Important Latitudes 90°N (North Pole) Northern Hemisphere 0° (Equator) Southern Hemisphere 90°S (South Pole) Longitude • These lines run north to south, but measure east and west of the Prime Meridian. Latitude lines are also called meridians • Longitude Longitude lines are also called Meridians. • Longitude lines meet at the poles they are not parallel. • Distance between lines is 0 at the poles and is greater at the equator. • Longitude lines start at 0o (the Prime Meridian) and end at 180o (the International Date Line) • The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England • The International Date Line runs through the Pacific Ocean. Important Longitudes 0° (Prime Meridian) Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Latitude can be found using the North Star (called Polaris) • Polaris (The North Star) is located directly above the North Pole. • Polaris is the only star in the sky that is not affected by earth’s rotation. • Centuries ago sailors discovered that if you measure the altitude of Polaris, it tells you your exact latitude. Latitude can be found using the North Star (called Polaris) • The latitude of any point in the Northern Hemisphere is equal to the altitude of Polaris at that location • So latitude is determined by the star Polaris • If you move due east or due west the altitude of Polaris does not change, so neither does your latitude. Altitude of Polaris Example #1: What latitude is this dude at? Answer: 55°N 55° To Horizon Altitude of Polaris Example #2: What latitude is this dude at? Answer: 42°N 42° To Horizon