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Methods Of Discovering Extra solar Planets. Elliot Thompson Methods to detect Extra solar Planets • There are many methods to detect Extra Solar planets. They are known as: Astrometry, Wobble Detection, Radial Velocity, Transit Photometry, Direct Imagining, and Chorography. The problems of finding Extra Solar planets! • Some of the problems to find planets around other stars is that they give off no light. • Some of the others are they are small compared to the star and the affects on the star are small. • Lastly the methods aren’t able to detect earth planets yet. (easily) Method 1: Astrometry. • Astrometry is a branch of astronomy. What these dudes do is they measure the position and the movements of stars. • To use these movement they look at star to see if it is moving. If its not moving than the star might not have a planet(s). Basically they look for an abnormality in the stars movement. • To use this method is that they need to have the movement down for the star they are looking at. If the star is moving in a strange way then a planet could be there. (see next slide) Method 2: Wobble Detection • This method goes hand in hand with the astrometry. • Once they find out the stars movement, then they look for if the star is moving in real life. • The affects of the planet will be small yet it will be detectable. Of course large planets will be doing this affect. • The downside to this is that large planets could be doing the wobble dance. Method 3: Radial Velocity! • Radial Velocity is one of the motions of the star does known as stellar motion. • Radial Velocity is use in redshift. As it will be altered slightly when a planet goes by. • To use radial velocity astronomers look for an altercation in the movement of the star, Possibly from a planet. • Radial velocity can only detect large planets or planets close to the star itself. Method 4: Transit Photometry! • This method is rarely used, by that the planet and the star must be aligned in the direction astronomers are looking at. • That is the only time astronomers used this method, but it is vital and can be used if needed. Method 5: Direct Imagining! • This method needs the other four in order to use the method to the full extent. • This method is difficult since the planet is small compared to the star and will be hard to find since light will be a factor. Method 6: Coronagraph! • We all know the stars have a corona and can be detect with telescopes. • To use this method they look at the corona of the star to see if its being block from a planet. What has been detected. • The planets so far that has been detected are large planets. • The large planets are mostly gas giants close to the star. • they are known as “Hot Jupiters”. • Super earths has been detected. What are hot jupiters? • Hot jupiters are gas giants that is close to the star and very hot. • The average temperature of this hot giants range from 1,700 to 1,200 degrees F. • The hot Jupiters can orbit the wrong way. What it means the star will be going one way while the planet goes the other way. • To make thing even weirder the jupiters rotation is in tide lock. • Tide lock means they don’t rotate. One side will always face the star. What are super Earths? • A super earth is one of the detected planets that has been detected using the methods of this piece. • Super earth are bigger than the earth itself. How big will 2, 5 or 10 time the mass of the earth. • Of course the super earths may not hold life. They could be close to the sun or they could be away from the inhabited zone. cited • "'Hot Jupiter' Puzzle Explained : Discovery News." Discovery News: Earth, Space, Tech, Animals, History, Adventure, Human, Autos. AFP, 11 May 2011. Web. 28 July 2011. <http://news.discovery.com/space/hot-jupiter-exoplanet-solarsystem-110511.html>. • "Detecting Extra-Solar Planets." Library.thinkguest.org. Astrobiology: The Living Universe. Web. 27 July 2011. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=planet08>. • Rodriguez, Joshua. "NASA - Earth On Steroids? Unraveling the Mystery of Super-Earths." NASA - Home. Planetquest, 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 28 July 2011. <http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/super_earths.html >.