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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Do Now! 1) How many Earths do you think would fit inside the Sun? 2) How hot do you think the Sun is? 3) How much longer do you think the Sun will last? 4) How many stars do you think there are in our Milky Way? 5) How many stars do you think there are in the whole universe? Quote of the Week “We are not as bad as people say we are, nor are we as good as we think we are…” -anonymous Objective: Analyze the life cycle of stars and apply it to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. DO NOW ANSWERS 1. 1 million (1,000,000!) Earths! 2. 10,000° F! 3. About 7 billion more years 4. 200-400 billion 5. 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000! *Stages of a Star A-Large star B-Crab Nebula C-Orion Nebula F-Nova Cygni D-Betelgeuse E-Supernova G-Supernova H-Embryonic Star Black Hole Video Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1iJXOUMJ pg Scientist Neil Degrasse Tyson *What are the different ways that death would result from a black hole? Characteristics of Stars Apparent magnitude: (a stars brightness as it appears from EARTH) 1. how big it is 2. how hot it is 3. how far away it is Absolute magnitude: how bright a star actually is. (ex: 2 stars with equal absolute magnitudes may have difference apparent magnitudes because one is farther away!) Luminosity measures absolute magnitude. Surface temperature: how hot a star is (measured in Kelvins) Characteristics of Stars HR Diagram: a way of organizing stars based on absolute magnitude and temperature. -The hottest main sequence stars are the brightest -The coolest main sequence stars are the dimmest. Use the information on luminosity and apparent magnitude to make a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (pg. 704)! A H-R diagram is a graph that shows the relationship between the absolute magnitude and temperature of stars. You have 20 minutes…If you finish early continue reading about the star life cycle pgs. 707-714 Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams Stars go through life cycles, just like people. Depending on how big a star is, it will follow a certain life path. FAST FACT In a few billion years, the sun’s core will run out of hydrogen fuel, triggering nuclear fusion in the surrounding shell. As a result, the sun’s outer envelope will expand, producing a red giant hundreds of times larger and brighter. Intense solar radiation will boil Earth’s oceans, and solar winds will drive away Earth’s atmosphere. Directions Draw the Figure 11 on page 710 for: A) low-mass stars B) medium-mass stars (sun-like) C) massive stars *Draw the life cycle stages for the 3 types of stars http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU6X3 SPZAJo Definitions on Back Star Nursery (nebula) The birthplace of a star where gas and dust begin to combine to form the star Protostar the beginning stages of star formation when gravity pulls in the gas and dusts from the star nursery and it begins to shine! Main Sequence Star 90% of all stars in the universe; when stars radiate (shine) energy into space Red Giants a large bright star with a cool surface. It is formed during the later stages of the evolution of a star like the Sun, as it runs out of hydrogen fuel at its center White Dwarf Thought to be the final evolutionary state of all stars whose mass is not too high—over 97% of the stars in our Galaxy; when its nuclear energy is gone, I begin to contract and appear very bright Black Dwarf Over a very long time, a white dwarf will cool to temperatures at which it is no longer visible and become a cold black dwarf; become a lump of coal in the sky when all its nuclear energy is gone Supernova type of death for Massive and Giant Blue Stars. They are a stellar explosion of its content material with a burst of radiation that are very luminous Blackhole a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, including light, can escape its pull. The black hole has a one-way surface, called an event horizon, into which objects can fall, but out of which nothing can come (form of death for massive stars) Neutron star also known as a Pulsar star because of its ‘pulsating’ effect that can be seen when viewed at a specific angle. The Pulsar Star is a result of the gravitational collapse of a Giant Blue Star Stellar Match! Using pages 704-714, match the type of star with its description. You have 10 minutes to complete this activity. Homework Directions: Write a short story following a star from birth to death. Beginning At least 3 descriptive sentences about each stage. End OR Illustrate a comic book following a star from birth to death. Must have drawings AND text (speech/thought bubbles). Beginning At least 3 panels for each life stage. End Homework Cont. Follow @VHS_EES_AM – HW Grade or bring note from parent signed. Visit Ipadio.com and create your OWN account and follow my Ipadio account (search: “Anthony’s Channel”. Create your first 1-2 minute podcast! Introduce yourself to the world. Answer the question: who are you?! Exit Ticket 1. What is the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude? 2. What two characteristics of stars does a H-R diagram show? 3. Draw out the 7 consecutive stages of a sun-like star (medium-mass). 4. What type of star ends as a neutron star or black hole?