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Prepare your scantron: Use • Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under a pencil, your name. not a pen! • LAST NAME FIRST, First name second • Put your 4-digit code instead of “IDENTIFICATION NUMBER”. --- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.) Recall reading assignment Chapter 1, pp. 1 – 26 Question # 1: answer A Setup: Question # 2: answer A Question # 3: answer A Review questions on Monday – Be sure to prepare. Please take a moment to mute your cell phone! Constellations and designations of stars Constellation = random collection of stars (figure) Stars’ names: Greek letter + constellation name Orionis (= Betelgeuse) Orionis ( No special name) Canis Majoris (= Sirius) More star names Find: Leporis Geminorum Tauri A few distances: Canis Maioris - 9 ly Canis Maioris - 500 ly Canis Maioris - 1,800 ly Canis Maioris - 430 ly 95% of the 6,000 naked-eye stars are at 50 to 500 ly: in the solar neighborhood. Inside Taurus! Questions coming … Question 4 Which constellation is closer to us, and how do we know? A The Big Dipper is closer than Orion because the Big Dipper looks larger in the sky. B Orion is closer than the Big Dipper because Orion’s stars look brighter in the sky. C D All constellations are at the same distance. E 45 25 30 35 40 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 20 4321087659 sec This question is nonsense because constellations are not real objects. This question is nonsense because the distance to constellations changes as Earth revolves around the Sun. Next question coming … Question 5 What is Canis Maioris? A The name of a bright star. B The name of a planet. C The name of a constellation. D A galaxy. E The name of a moon revolving 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 8765432109 19 sec around the planet Canis Maioris. Next question coming … Question 6 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 8765432109 19 The Pleiades (the “Seven Sisters”) is … A A constellation. B A star. C Not a constellation, but it is a star cluster inside sec the constellation of Taurus. D A constellation, which is the same thing as a star cluster. E A collection of seven random stars, unrelated to each other. Next question coming … Question 7 Most of the stars visible in the sky by the naked eye are … 45 25 30 35 40 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 20 4321087659 A outside the Galaxy. B inside the Galaxy, but not necessarily in the vicinity of the Sun. C inside the Galaxy, and mostly in the vicinity of the Sun. D 50% inside the Galaxy, 50% outside. E nowhere close to the Galaxy, which is much farther away from us than the individual stars in the sky are. sec An observational perspective on real astronomy. Stars are always dots in the telescope: Star with naked eye: Star in a telescope: Must analyze spectrum (color) of stars to learn about them - a hard job! All else in the sky if faint: “deep sky” objects Must collect light for a long time with large telescopes - a hard job! With the naked eye The Milky Way Photography (30 minutes) Look in a telescope Questions coming … Question 8 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 8765432109 19 How does a star look in a good telescope? A A large disk with swirls of hot gas visible on it. B A large disk with mountains and rivers visible on it. C A large disk with clouds visible on it. D A small disk with a few starspots. E A bright dot. sec Next question coming … Question 9 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 8765432109 19 Is the Milky Way visible to the naked eye in a dark location? A No. We need large telescopes to see the Milky Way at all. sec B No, but a pair of binoculars is sufficient to see it. C Barely. D As a faint and tiny patch of glow. E As a band of light all the way around the sky. Next question coming … Question 10 What is the light of the Milky Way in actual fact? 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 8765432109 19 A The light of a few billion stars washed together. B A reflection of sunlight in Earth’s atmosphere. C A reflection of sunlight on dust particles in the sec Solar System. D The glow of the upper atmosphere due to cosmic radiation. E The glow of gas left behind when the Universe was born. What is in the sky? All outside the Solar System, remember? - Stars (in constellations) - Everything you see is part of the Galaxy • The glow of the Milky Way • Stars • Star clusters (open clusters and globular clusters) • Planetary nebulae (dying stars) • Supernova remnants (stars that blew up) • Diffuse nebulae (glowing interstellar gas) The Messier Catalog M1 through M104 - Except: other galaxies. Only 3 other galaxies to the naked eye: • The Andromeda Galaxy • The Small Magellanic Cloud (southern) • The Large Magellanic Cloud (southern) Explain what is each one, do pictures again. Take notes of what is said! … and there is the Solar System of course. This is what you would see in a very good telescope. Solar System Sun Moon Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune M 57 With the naked eye A planetary nebula a dying star The Ring Nebula Photography (90 minutes) Look in a telescope (Picture taken in Kennon by two students)