Download ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

UNIT 2
Big Bang
There are many theories on the origin of the
Universe. Some are supported more than
others
STEADY STATE THEORY:
- The universe was always here. New matter is
continuously created. Even though the mass
increases, the stars do not change their position
in relation to each other.
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* Later research has shown that the universe is
changing and this theory has lost support.
BIG BANG THEORY:
- Suggest that the universe originated from a
small amount of matter (hydrogen) that
expanded rapidly (exploded). All planets,
stars, comets, etc are the debris that is still
drifting outward from this explosion.
* There are many flaws to this theory, but
scientifically it is the most supported answer.
Inflation Theory (IUT) is gaining ground.
* The Universe is estimated to be 13.7 Billion
Years
Universe
- The total amount of matter and energy in
existence (It encompasses everything)
Super Cluster
- A collection of star clusters found in the
universe
Star Cluster
- A collection of star groups found within the
super cluster
Star Group
- Collections of similar galaxies found within a
cluster. Our galaxy is found in the “Local
Group” which contains about 29 other galaxies
Galaxy
- A collection of similar stars found within a
star group. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way
and contains about 200 Billion Stars.
- There may be about 100 Billion Galaxies in
the Universe.
Star System
- A small group of planets and moons that
orbit 1-4 stars. Our system is called the “Solar
System” and contains 1 Star (Sun), 8 Planets
(Earth is one of them), and about 59 Moons.
Star
- A large ball of gas releasing
energy and matter due to the
fusion of hydrogen & helium
atoms (Sun).
Lifecycle of a Star (Size of our Sun)
Lifecycle of a Star (100x that of our Sun)
Blackhole
Neutron Star
Nebula
- A large cloud of dust and gases that are
pulled together by gravity. The stuff stars are
made from (beginning of all stars)
Red Giant
- A star that has turned all its hydrogen fuel
into helium. The outside expands and cools as
the inside condenses and forms carbon from
helium (beginning of the end)
White Dwarf
- When all of the helium fuel of the Red Giant
has been used. The outer layers explode off
into space just leaving the white hot core (very
small nearing the end of life)
Supernova
- Massive stars collapse more violently after the
Red/Super Giant Phase. This causes the whole
star to explode and nothing remains but
neutrons or a blackhole.
• Debris from a Nova or a Supernova can
become a Nebula and start the process over.
Blackhole
- A celestial object with such extreme gravity
that it attracts everything near it, even light
(End result of massive stars)
1. Size – 13,000 km in Diameter to 300,000,000 km
- Larger stars burn hotter, brighter, and
shorter due to the rapid burning of its fuel.
2. Distance – The further away the dimmer they
appear
3. Temperature – Hotter stars are brighter
Red – Orange – Yellow – White – Blue
Cooler 2,000,000 Degrees C  Hotter 20,000,000 Degrees C
Constellation
- A group of stars that appear close together
and form patterns or pictures (Orion, Ursa
Major, Etc.)
Light Year
- Unit of measuring distance – How far light
can travel in a year (6 Million Miles). Closest
Star 4.2 / Andromeda Galaxy 2.2 Million