Download Western Art

Art Research
Get inspired!!
Objectives: You Will
• Broaden your knowledge of significant
artists and art movements throughout
history
• Develop in-depth knowledge of one
specific artist/art movement that inspires
you
• Teach the rest of the class, so that
everyone has increased knowledge.
Your Task
• Use this PP to explore different movements
in art and artists.
• This is JUST an overview- use the website
for in depth information!
• You will begin with an exploration and then
an in depth study, depending on the
assignment for your class (Art I, II, or
Advanced)
African Art
• For this study, we are focusing on the
traditional tribal arts of Africa.
characteristics that most traditional
African Art shares:
• Focus on Performance
• Natural Materials
• Abstraction/Distortion
Native American Art
• Encompasses several different cultures
and regions
Pre-Columbian Art: Meso-America
• Refers to Art made before the arrival of
Columbus and influence of Western
culture
Egyptian Art
• Egyptian statues, paintings and
architectural forms seem to obey one law.
• We call such a law a 'style'.
• It is very difficult to explain in words what
makes a style, but it is far less difficult to
see.
• very strict laws, which every artist had to
learn from his earliest youth.
• Seated statues had to have their hands on
their knees; men had to be painted with
darker skin than women; the appearance
of every Egyptian god was strictly laid
down.
Greek Art
• Nearly all painted scenes
in Greek Art are on Greek
pottery
• Tell stories, myths, and
illustrate the daily lives of
the Greeks
Classical Greek Sculpture
•Kritios Boy, 480 BCE
•Contrapposto:
asymetric relaxed pose
more naturalistic
Roman Art
• observation of nature was of key
importance; as in, for example, their
portrait sculptures which are usually
meticulously detailed and realistic.
• The Romans also depicted warriors and
heroic adventures, in the spirit of the
Greeks who came before them.
-Close observation
of the natural
world
-Often copied
Greek sculptures
The Middle Ages
• Early Christian art was about telling a
story.
• The art of this period contained subjects
who lacked facial expression and followed
a “formula”.
• Artists, of this period, were not concerned
with the subjects as much as they were
the story of the people in these stories
• Blue pigment was
made of lapis
lazuli, and was the
most expensive.
Therefore, it was
reserved for the
robe of Mary and
came to represent
purity.
• Other symbols in
colors and objects
tell the viewer what
is happening
The halo comes from this era
• Artist used
symbols, like
gold leaf, the
halo, and
color to tell us
who the
figures are.
The Renaissance
• The Renaissance was a period of great
creative and intellectual activity, during
which artists broke away from the
restrictions of Medieval Art.
• Throughout the 15th century, artists
studied the natural world in order to
perfect their understanding of such
subjects as anatomy and perspective.
Notice he difference in the treatment of the
figures and the background
Among the many great artists of this period were Sandro Botticelli,.
Birth of Venus, Sandro Botticelli
• The High Renaissance was the
culmination of the artistic developments of
the Early Renaissance, and one of the
great explosions of creative genius in
history.
• It is notable for three of the greatest artists
in history: Michelangelo, Raphael and
Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo da Vinci
One of the most famous painters of all time, but also famous for his talent in
architecture, sculpture, engineering, geology, hydraulics and the military arts, all
with success, and in his spare time doodled parachutes and flying machines that
resembled inventions of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Michelangelo
Perhaps the greatest influence on western art in the
last five centuries, Michelangelo was an Italian
sculptor, architect, painter and poet in the period known
as the High Renaissance.
Pieta
David
Detail of The Sistine Chapel
Raphael
Raphael is one of the most famous
artists of Italy's High Renaissance and
one of the greatest influences in the
history of Western art.
School of Athens
Baroque Art
• Baroque Art developed in Europe around 1600,
as an reaction against the intricate and formulaic
that dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque
art is less complex, more realistic and more
emotionally affecting than Mannerist art.
• One of the great periods of art history, Baroque
Art was developed by Caravaggio, Bernini,
Rembrandt, and Vermeer.
Caravaggio
• Chiaroscuro :intense contrast of light and dark,
used to create drama
Changed the way we view art by adding
drama, personality and realism
Johannes Vermeer
Soft studies of light and color, with
incredible realism and detail
Bernini
Dramatic naturalistic poses,
making rock look “soft”
Rococo Art
• Rococo Art succeeded Baroque Art in
Europe. It was most popular in France,
and is generally associated with the reign
of King Louis XV (1715-1774).
• It is a light, elaborate and decorative
style of art.
Jean-Antoine Watteau
• Love in the Italian Theatre
• Giovanni
Battista
Tiepolo
• Holy Trinity
Jean-Honore Fragonard
• The Swing, 1767
Neoclassical
• Neoclassical Art is a severe and unemotional
form of art that references ancient Greece and
Rome. Its rigidity was a reaction to the
overboard Rococo style and the emotionally
charged Baroque style.
• The rise of Neoclassical Art was part of a
general revival of interest in classical thought,
which was of some importance in the American
and French revolutions.
Jaques Louis-David
• Oath of the Horatii
Romanticism
• Romanticism might best be described as
anticlassicism, and reaction against
Neoclassiciam.
• It is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic,
exotic, beautiful and emotionally wrought.
• Great artists closely associated with
Romanticism include Caspar David Friedrich,
John Constable, and William Blake.
Caspar David Friedrich
Woman at Dawn
Wander Above the
Sea of Fog
William Blake
Newton
The Ghost of a Flea
John Constable
The Hay Wain
Deadham Vale
Francisco de Goya
Pre-Raphaelite
• Looked to myth, legend, etc.
• Offshoot of Romanticism
• Known as the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood, because the artists felt that
artwork after the age of Raphael lacked
something significant.
John William Waterhouse
• Pre-Raphaelite
• Myth and legend based work
The Lady of Shallot
Boreas
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Edward Robert Hughes,
Midsummer Eve
Realism
• as straightforward a manner as possible,
without idealizing them and without
following rules of formal artistic theory.
• The earliest Realist work began to appear
in the 18th century, in a reaction to the
excesses of Romanticism and
Neoclassicism.
Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners
•
The Gleaners shows three peasant workers gleaning (searching for stray grains) in a wheat
frield after harvest. This painting is famous for depicting the lowest class of society as a
paintable subject- something that was not done before. This painting was not well liked
when it was first unveiled, especially by the upper class who thought it was ugly and
pointless, but is now one of the most famous paintings of the era.
Thomas Eakins
surgery
Alfred MacNeil Whistler
Arrangement in Greay and Black,
Portrait of the Painter’s Mother
John Singer Sargent,
Daughters of Edward Darley Boit
Impressionism
• Impressionism is a light, spontaneous
manner of painting which began in France
as a reaction against the restrictions and
conventions of the dominant Academic
Art.
• The hallmark of the style is the attempt to
capture the subjective impression of light
in a scene.
Edgar Degas
The Ballet Lesson
Miss Lala at the Circus
Claude Monet
Weeping Willow
Rouen Cathedral
Pierre Auguste Renoir
Luncheon of the Boating Party
Mary Cassatt
Most famous
American
Impressionist,
known for
images of
mothers,
children, and
family life.
The Boating Party
Post-Impressionism
• Post-Impressionism is an umbrella term that
encompasses a variety of artists who were
influenced by Impressionism but took their art in
other directions.
• There is no single well-defined style of PostImpressionism, but in general it is less idyllic and
more emotionally charged than Impressionist
work.
Paul Cezanne
• Still Life with Curtain
Vincent Van Gogh
The Starry Night
Cornfield with Cypresses
Henri Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy
Woman Walking in an
Exotic Forest
Henri de Toulouse Lautrec
La Goule
At the Moulin Rouge
Paul Gauguin
Tahitian Women on the Beach
Seccessionists/Art Nouveau
• was an art association founded by Berlin
artists in 1889 as an alternative to the
conservative state-run Association of
Berlin Artists.
• Led to significant developments in
German/Austrian art
• Closely associated with advertising and
poster art.
Gustave Klimt
Use of gold leaf and
collage elements
Classical myth, drama
From the Beethoven Frieze
The Kiss
Alphonse Mucha
• Elaborate decorative patterns
• Influential advertising art
Fauvism
• Fauvism grew out of Pointillism and PostImpressionism, but is characterized by a more
primitive and less naturalistic form of expression.
Paul Gaugin’s style and his use of color were
especially strong influences.
• The artists most closely associated with Fauvism
are Andre Derain and Henri Matisse.
• Fauvism was a short-lived movement, but was a
substantial influence on some of the
Expressionists.
Andre Derain
Henri Matisse
Woman in a Purple Coat
The Dance
Regionalism
• An American term, Regionalism refers to the work of a
number of rural artists, mostly from the Midwest, who
became famous in the 1930s.
• Not part of a coordinated movement, Regionalist artists
often had unique style or point of view. What they shared
was:
– humble, anti-modernist style
– desire to depict everyday life. However their rural conservatism
tended to put them at odds with the urban and leftist Social
Realists of the same era.
*The three best-known regionalists were John Steuart Curry,
Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood, the painter of the bestknown and one of the greatest works of American art, American
Gothic.
Thomas Hart Benton
The Cotton Pickers
First Crop
Grant Wood
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
American Gothic
John Singleton Copley
Brook Watson and the Shark
Cubism
• Developed between about 1908 and 1912
in a collaboration between Georges
Braque and Pablo Picasso.
• The key concept underlying Cubism is that
the essence of an object can only be
captured by showing it from multiple points
of view simultaneously.
Pablo Picasso
Guernica
Three Musicians
Georges Braque
Woman with a Guitar
Expressionism
• Goal is not to reproduce a subject
accurately, but to portray the inner state of
the artist.
• Brushstrokes, color, and symbols are
characteristics of Expressionism
• Instense in emotion and expression
Max Beckman
Edvard Munch
Vivid and emotional work, exploring
themes of life, love, fear, death and
melancholy
Ashes
The Scream, from the Frieze of Life
Amadeo Modigliani
Portrait of Woman in Hat
Head
Kathe Kollwitz
German, anti war imagery
Hunger
Wassily Kandinsky
Composition VII
Dada
• protest by a group of European artists against World War
I, bourgeois society, and the conservativism of traditional
thought.
• followers used absurdities and non sequiturs to create
artworks and performances which defied any intellectual
analysis. They also included random "found" objects in
sculptures and installations.
• The founders included the French artists Jean Arp and
Marcel Duchamp.
Jean Arp
-sculptor, painter, poet, and abstract artist in media such as torn paper.
Makenspeil
Cloud Shepherd
Marcel Duchamp
Made use of “ready mades” to create controversial art that was rejected by his
own rebellious group
L.H.O.O.Q
Fountain
Surrealism
• Surrealism is a style in which fantastical visual imagery
from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of
making the work logically comprehensible.
• attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement.
• deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of Freud
and Jung.
• The Surrealist circle was made up of many of the great
artists of the 20th century, including Max Ernst, Giorgio
de Chirico, Jean Arp, Man Ray, Joan Miro, and Rene
Magritte, and Salvador Dali.
• According to the major spokesman of the
movement, the poet and critic André Breton, who
published "The Surrealist Manifesto" in 1924,
Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious
and unconscious realms of experience so
completely, that the world of dream and fantasy
would be joined to the everyday rational world in
"an absolute reality, a surreality."
Persistance of Memory
Salvador Dali
• Drawing heavily on theories adapted from Sigmund
Freud, Surrealists saw the unconscious as the
source of the imagination.
• This movement continues to flourish today.
Continued thought processes and investigations into
the mind have produced some of the best art ever
seen.
False Mirror, Rene Magritte
The Hat Makes the Man, Max Ernst
Salvador Dali
Soft Self-Portrait
The Temptation of St. Anthony
The Eye of Silence, Max Ernst
Rene Magritte
The Lovers
The Son of Man
Harlem Renaissance
• African-American social thought that was expressed
through the visual arts, as well as through music
centered in the Harlem district of New York City,
The intellectual and social freedom of the era attracted
many Black Americans from the rural south to the
industrial centers of the north - and especially to New
York City.
Artists at the core of the Harlem Renaissance movement
included William H. Johnson, Lois Mailou Jones and the
sculptor and printmaker Sargent Claude Johnson. Other
prominent artists associated with the Harlem
Renaissance included Jacob Lawrence, Archibald
Motley and Romare Bearden.
Romare Bearden
Famous for unique collages that identify the
African American experience.
Three Musicians
The Calabash, mixed media
Jacob Lawrence
Referred to his work as “dynamic cubism, but said that his influence came
from was the colors and shapes of Harlem, not France.
Famous for depicting the social history of African Americans.
Supermarket
The Builders
William H. Johnson, Cafe
Aaron Douglas, Into Bondage
Abstract Expressionism
• compositions of form, texture and
color.
• It is non-representational, or nonobjective, art, which means that there
are no actual objects represented.
Willem De Kooning
Famous for aggressive abstracted
figures and complex layered images
Excavation
Woman V
Jackson Pollock
Abstact expressionist known for “Action Painting” and helping to launch
the Abstract Expressionist movement.
Influenced by emotional struggles, alcoholism, and desire to be
accepted as an artist.
No. 5
Mark Rothko
Work is called “color field painting” and is classified as an abstract
expressionist, although he rejected not only the label but even being
called an abstract painter.
Orange and Yellow
Pop Art
• explores the everyday imagery that is a part of
contemporary consumer culture.
• Common sources of imagery include
advertisements, consumer product packaging,
celebrity photographs, and comic strips.
Leading Pop artists include Andy Warhol, Robert
Rauschenberg, and Roy Lichtenstein.
Robert Rauschenberg
Famous for “combine paintings”
Began an artistic revolution that redefined
what art is.
Monogram
Bed
Jasper Johns
Became famous for appropriating popular
imagery into his paintings
Worked with Rauschenberg to redefine the art
world
Map, 1961
Andy Warhol
-Was a successful commercial artist before becoming a famous Pop Artist, and
was an avant-garde filmmaker, author, and public figure famous for belonging to
bizarre social circles.
- “15 minutes of fame” quote
Campbell’s Soup
Marilyn
20th Century/Contemporary
• These artists do not fit into one specific
group or style, but are listed here as 20th
century Post-Modern artists.
Georgia O’Keefe
Edward Hopper
Dramatic narrative
paintings, often depicting
scenes of American life.
Nighthawks
New York Movie
Chuck Close
Uses the grid process to produce HUGE
works, ranging from photo-realistic to
nearly abstract looking work.
Phase II: Choose One Artist to
Study In Depth
• Prepare a presentation piece to share this
artist and his/her work with the class
• Create a piece of artwork in response to
one of the artists.
– Your own work in the artist’s style or using
similar imagery
– An homage to the artist, responding to his/her
life or artwork.
Student Response to Jean Arp:
a collage series that uses Arp-style shape
and color palette
Student work: Amphora
Van Gogh
Student Work
Artist Work
Work by O’Keefe
Student Work, inspired by
Georgia O’Keefe
Roy Lichtenstein Inspired Work
Seurat Inspired Work
Picasso Inspired
Monet Inspired