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• 4/8 Focus: – The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation are considered to be turning points in history because they led to social, political, and economic changes in Europe • Do Now: – Identify one conflict that developed in Europe as a result of the Protestant Reformation 3rd Quarter Quarterly Exam Review 1) Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages? a. b. c. d. Magna Carta Justinian Code Twelve Tables Rig Veda 2) A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to: a. b. c. d. establish Christianity in western Europe capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers unite warring Arab peoples strengthen English dominance in the Arab world 3) What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? a. Europe’s population severely declined. b. Cultural diffusion increased. c. Democracy in the Middle East grew. d. Slavery was eliminated. 4) The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by: a. b. c. d. a decentralized political system an increased emphasis on education religious diversity the development of a wealthy middle class 5) Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia is most accurate? a. Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code to China. b. Roman legions introduced Christianity to India. c. Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle East. d. Chinese ideas and practices spread into Korea and Japan. Answers 1) Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages? a. b. c. d. Magna Carta Justinian Code Twelve Tables Rig Veda 2) A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to: a. b. c. d. establish Christianity in western Europe capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers unite warring Arab peoples strengthen English dominance in the Arab world 3) What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? a. b. c. d. Europe’s population severely declined. Cultural diffusion increased. Democracy in the Middle East grew. Slavery was eliminated. 4) The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by: a. b. c. d. a decentralized political system an increased emphasis on education religious diversity the development of a wealthy middle class 5) Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia is most accurate? a. Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code to China. b. Roman legions introduced Christianity to India. c. Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle East. d. Chinese ideas and practices spread into Korea and Japan. Test Review Strict social order Gentry, peasants, merchants Expansion of trade: Silk Road, Sea routes Technological improvements Gunpowder, compass, block printing Grand Canal brought farm products from south to northern cities Tang & Song Dynasties Civil Service workers required to pass exams Efficient government based on Confucianism Schools to train gov’t workers Calligraphy, Pagoda example of architecture, Porcelain pottery Feared it would be weakened through contact Saw China as superior to the rest of the world Restored Chinese rule in China Overthrew Mongols Isolationist policy after Zheng He’s death Admiral Zheng He traveled to India, Persia, Middle East, and Africa Collected tribute and established trade links Ming Dynasty Restored Chinese Civil Service System Confucian values The Middle Kingdom Restore Chinese superiority in Asia Test Review United by Genghis Kahn Nomadic pastoralists from Central Asian Steeps Isolated Russia from Europe Established huge empire from Asia to Eastern Europe Helped spread the Black Plague Mongols Adapted/borrowed technology from conquered people Skillful Horsemen and fierce warriors Use of stirrups and bow/arrow Pax Mongolia Increased trade and travel between the East and West Psychological warfare and brutality Pax Mongolia Cause Effects Mongols secure Increased trade along the silk roads trade routes and Increased cultural diffusion between provide political Europe and Asia stability across Asia Helped contribute to the revival of trade in Europe Marco Polo’s travels to Asia increased European interest in China Geography of Japan Characteristics Effects Mountaionous Made it difficult to unite Japan Terrain Developed terrace farming in order to Seas and Oceans farm in mountainous terrain Most people lived in narrow river valleys or along the coast -Location along Used the sea for transportation and the Ring Fire source of food -Subject to powerful forces Sea isolated Japan and protected it from of nature such as invasion earthqakes, Japanese had a great respect for forces volcanoes, and in nature tsuanamis Complete the venn diagram by comparing and contrasting feudalism in Japan with feudalism in Europe King, nobles, knights, peasants Church had more power in Europe Knights used broad swords Chivalry Developed during period of weak central govt Warriors lived by code of behavior Power concentrated in hands of landowners (shoguns& nobles) Peasants worked the land Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo , Samurai, peasants & artists , merchants Japanese samurai practiced Zen Buddhism Samurai used samurai swords Bushido The Renaissance Individual Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci Raphael Machiavelli Shakespeare Dante Achievements/Contributions Painter, sculptor, engineer, architect painted the Sistine Chapel; sculptor of the David Painter, sculptor, engineer, architect, inventor Painted the Mona Lisa; designed plans for flying machines Painter and sculptor; student of Michelangelo and da Vinci Paintings of the Madonna (mother of Jesus) Author of The Prince; advised rulers how to gain and keep power English playwright; wrote in the vernacular; wrote about the joys and sorrows of human life; influenced by historical events in Rome and Greece Italian author; wrote The Divine Comedy The Crusades Causes • Pope called for Crusade to free the Holy Lands from Muslims • Nobles wanted to gain wealth and land • Crusaders could gain fame and adventure • Forgiveness of sins for joining the crusades Effects • Increased trade and cultural diffusion • Europeans exposed to Greco-Roman learning and Muslim advances • Distrust between religious groups • Kings gained more power • Weakened feudalism and Manorialism • Five Pillars of Islam – Allah is the one true God – Give charity to the poor – Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca – Fasting during the Ramadan – Pray five times a day facing Mecca 6) The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history? a. b. c. d. emperors peasants warriors merchants 7) Which fact relating to early Japan was a result of the other three? a. Japan experienced earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. b. The Japanese developed a nature-based belief called Shinto. c. Tsunamis and typhoons sometimes destroyed coastal Japanese villages. d. Mountains are found throughout the islands of Japan. 8) The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with: a. advancements in the principles of democratic governments b. outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences c. the end of foreign domination d. the furthest expansion of their borders 9) Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe? a. b. c. d. rise of nation-states outbreak of the Black Death fall of Constantinople introduction of new military technologies 10) Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they: a. serve as primary sources about trade and culture b. provide the basis for European holy books c. include advice on how to be a democratic ruler d. present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia 11) A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to: a. promote trade and collect tribute b. establish colonies in Africa and India c. seal off China’s borders from foreign influence d. prove the world was round 12) In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to the developments of the Tang dynasty in China? a. The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. b. Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. c. Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. d. The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras. 13) What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200s? a. b. c. d. development of a common language expansion of Japanese cultural traditions adoption of Confucian ideas and practices significant increases in trade and travel 14) Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to a. b. c. d. believe in reincarnation follow a code of behavior strive for nirvana practice polytheism – Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200. – Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732. – Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s. 15) Each of these statements reflects the concept of a. b. c. d. cultural diffusion civil disobedience urbanization isolationism 16) The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the a. b. c. d. Age of Revolutions spread of Islam Protestant Reformation European Renaissance 17) Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities? a. b. c. d. occupation by foreign powers surplus of porcelain from Japan interaction with Latin America access to important trade routes 18) Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers? a. People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters. b. Governments should establish overseas empires. c. Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion. d. Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death. 19) A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the: a. b. c. d. spread of ideas establishment of democracy beginnings of communism development of industrialization 20. What was one result of large Armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? A. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended B. Feudalism began in western Europe C. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew D. Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace Answers 6) The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history? a. b. c. d. emperors peasants warriors merchants 7) Which fact relating to early Japan was a result of the other three? a. Japan experienced earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. b. The Japanese developed a nature-based belief called Shinto. c. Tsunamis and typhoons sometimes destroyed coastal Japanese villages. d. Mountains are found throughout the islands of Japan. 8) The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with: a. advancements in the principles of democratic governments b. outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences c. the end of foreign domination d. the furthest expansion of their borders 9) Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe? a. b. c. d. rise of nation-states outbreak of the Black Death fall of Constantinople introduction of new military technologies 10) Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they: a. serve as primary sources about trade and culture b. provide the basis for European holy books c. include advice on how to be a democratic ruler d. present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia 11) A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to: a. promote trade and collect tribute b. establish colonies in Africa and India c. seal off China’s borders from foreign influence d. prove the world was round 12) In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to the developments of the Tang dynasty in China? a. The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. b. Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. c. Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. d. The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras. 13) What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200s? a. b. c. d. development of a common language expansion of Japanese cultural traditions adoption of Confucian ideas and practices significant increases in trade and travel 14) Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to a. b. c. d. believe in reincarnation follow a code of behavior strive for nirvana practice polytheism – Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200. – Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732. – Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s. 15) Each of these statements reflects the concept of a. b. c. d. cultural diffusion civil disobedience urbanization isolationism 16) The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the a. b. c. d. Age of Revolutions spread of Islam Protestant Reformation European Renaissance 17) Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities? a. b. c. d. occupation by foreign powers surplus of porcelain from Japan interaction with Latin America access to important trade routes 18) Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers? a. People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters. b. Governments should establish overseas empires. c. Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion. d. Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death. 19) A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the: a. b. c. d. spread of ideas establishment of democracy beginnings of communism development of industrialization 20. What was one result of large Armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? A. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended B. Feudalism began in western Europe C. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew D. Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace